گیا سینے وچ بھانبڑ بل
تاں میں لکھی ایہہ غزل
جیوں کر تیل کڑاہی وچہ
دتا ہجر نے اینویں تل
ہنجواں نال پروئی جو
اگے قلم نہ سکدی چل
ہک واری تاں کول بلا
بیٹھے آن دوارا مل
تھکے کر فریاداں رو
تساڈے واسطے کوئی نہیں گل
تیرے ہتھاں دے وچہ جند
جیون ہے ہک جھٹ کہ پل
جیوندیاں تاں نہیں ملیا توں
ہُن تاں نال جنازے رَل
Pakistani English literature is internationally recognized. It elaborates on Pakistani culture, societies, and individual and collective thought represented in its writings. Different writers have different perspectives to discuss, but Marxist Feminism is an important aspect about which very few writers focused, on the point of view of the property, dominance, wages, and shares in the economy. Men are not only denominated on women’s bodies but also their economy, which females deserve in the form of inheritance or wages. Karl Marx and Frederic Engels wrote a book: The Origin of Family, Private property, and the State (1884), and presented a theory on Marxist-feminist phenomena that men and women do the same job, but women receive the reward not equally men. This can be because of males’ dominant society or, in other words, females are not aware of their basic rights. This study is the subjective analysis of reading the two novels of the pre-modern time: Umrao Jaan Ada by Hadi Ruswa and the post-modern era fiction: The Holy Woman by Qaisra Shahraz to analyze the custom prevalent in the society of Pakistan regarding the Marxist-feminist approach. The hypothesis is also, whether the situation varies after a hundred years of awareness. However, the study has the conclusion of the same state.
The study explores the evaluation criteria of individual and groups of raters as well as computes their inter rater and intra rater reliability on a national level high stakes examination in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The study thus looks at the process (the evaluation criteria) and the product (actual scores).Out of a total of nine examination Boards in the Punjab, three are in the South Punjab (SP). 34 raters from Multan, and 30 from DG Khan and Bahawalpur Board each totaling 94 markers, evaluated 20 essays twice after a gap of at least six weeks. The raters were not provided any rating scale to evaluate the essay since none is provided by the Boards they work with. They were asked to evaluate the essays as they did in the real in the examination centers and give an overall score to each essay. Only the seasoned raters with a minimum of ten years experience were recruited for this study to control for the ‘experience’ variable. There were 5 essays on each of the four topics (A Picnic Party, Patriotism, Co-education and Science). The essay topics were selected from the previous examination questions. After all the markers (n=94) had examined the same essay set (n=20) the second time (Time 2) they were asked to write a short written commentary to explain their evaluation criteria .The quantity of the response varied among individual and groups. Out of 473 paragraphs, 265 were written by males and 208 by female respondents. Following this task, 20 raters were interviewed using semi-structured format to crosscheck and better understand the findings from the qualitative as well as quantitative data.