خان بہادر ظفر حسین خاں
دوسرا حادثہ بہادر ظفر حسین خاں کی وفات کا ہے، وہ بھی اس علمی بزم کی یادگار تھے، اس لیے ان کے تعلقات بھی دارالمصنفین سے دیرینہ تھے، وہ انسپکٹر آف اسکولس کے عہدہ پر ممتاز تھے، اس سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد کچھ دنوں تک شیعہ کالج کے پرنسپل رہے، ادھر عرصہ سے عزلت نشینی کی زندگی بسر کررہے تھے، مگر تالیف و تصنیف کا سلسلہ آخر تک جاری رہا، ان کا خاص موضوع فلسفہ تھا اور اس کی تاریخ پر ان کی نظر بہت وسیع تھی، اس موضوع پر ان کی کئی تصانیف ہیں، ان کی ایک تصنیف مقالہ روسو عرصہ ہوا اور دوسری مال و مشیت ابھی چند سال ہوئے دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوئی تھی، آخرالذکر کتاب پر ان کو ساہتیہ اکیڈمی سے پانچ ہزار انعام ملا تھا، انجمن ترقی اردو ہند سے بھی ان کی بعض فلسفیانہ تصانیف شائع ہوئیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ دونوں خدام علم کو مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اگست ۱۹۶۱ء)
The Holy Qur’an is miraculous in its words, methods, organization, statements, drawings and writing, as cited and agreed by all researchers, we aim through this research to: define the Ottoman drawing in Arabic language, terminologically, demonstrating its benefits, the rule of commitment to it, weighing between sayings, demonstrating its six rules, explaining and discussing the differences between the Quranic words drawings and mentioning several examples. The most important results of this research are: 1- The opinion which comforts one's self is the commitment to Ottoman drawing, and not to be written by modern spelling methods. 2- The Ottoman drawing has multiple benefits and advantages, which are not available in any other, so that it attracts commitment and reservation. 3- It has a very significant concurrence between the drawing and the meaning of the words and verses of Quran. 4- The Qura’nic word drawing strengthens the meaning and gives the full dimensions; achieving the honesty of Allah's saying: "and whose words can be truer than those of Allah?". 5- The letters' contiguity of Quranic word, knowing its characteristics embodies the meaning with the best picture. 6- The miracle of Ottoman drawing is a modern issue that Abdalaziz Ad-Dabbagh calls the most famous and the oldest one who declared this. The most important recommendations made in this article are: 1- Conducting more researches about the benefits of Ottoman drawing, where it still needs more studies to be conducted, and more thoughts and meditations. 2- The spread of Ottoman drawing commitment culture between Quran teachers and students. 3- Obligating all Quranic associations that adopts Quran writing to write in Ottoman drawing, and prevent any other forms of writing. 4- Obligating all students and researchers to depend on Ottoman drawing through their studies and researches; which establishes a promotion to spread its culture. 5- Guiding the researchers for more studies on this topic, throughout a focused studies and clear scientific plans.
Two series of substituted guanidines (a 1 -a 32 & b 1 -b 32 ) and their copper(II) complexes of general formula [κ 2 (O, N)-C 6 H 5 CONHC(NHR 1 )NR 2 ] 2 Cu(II) where, R 1 = phenyl (A 1 - A 32 ), 2-chlorophenyl (B 1 -B 32 ) and R 2 = alkyl/aryl groups, have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear ( 1 H and 13 C) NMR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Single crystal XRD was used for structural elucidation of some of the synthesized guanidine ligands and their copper(II) complexes. Based on the single crystal X-ray analysis most of the synthesized guanidine ligands were stabilized by intermolecular as well as intramolecular hydrogen bonding. All the complexes are mononuclear in solid state and copper adopts a regular square planar geometry with slight distortion in few cases, while N,N'',N"-trisubstituted guanidine ligands chelate the Cu(II) atom through oxygen and nitrogen with ligand to metal ratio 2:1. DFT studies have been used to assess the location of the protons in free ligands, however calculations have shown that in all cases, hydrogen bonding from either of the N-H groups gives conformations that are very similar in energy. The synthesized guanidines and their complexes were also screened for urease inhibition, antileishmanial, anticancer and antifungal activities. The complexes exhibited a better usease inhibition activity than the respective guanidines and compound A 7 was found to be the most active with IC 50 = 4.8 ± 0.05 μM (IC 50 for standard thiourea is 21.0 ± 0.1 μM). These compounds were also screened for their brine shrimp lethality assay, a 1 and A 28 were found to be more toxic with the ID 50 value 1.701 ppm. In potato disc antitumour assay guanidines and complexes have shown the excellent activity comparable with the vincristine, used as standard drug while, in vitro cytotoxicity against human cell lines carcinomas A498, EVSAT, H226, IGROV, M19, MCF-7 and WIDR these compounds show moderate cytotoxicity against these cell lines as compared to the standard chemotherapeutic drugs. These compounds were also tested for antifungal and antileishmanial activities and show moderate to good antifungal activity but no significant antileishmanial activity.