عوامی سوٹ شلوار قمیض
چئیر مین ذوالفقار علی بھٹو شہید سے پہلے شلوار قمیض کو آپ کسی بڑے ہوٹل اور مخصوص کلبوں میں پہن کر نہیں جا سکتے تھے وہاں صرف سوٹ پہن کر ہی جا یا سکتا تھا ۔مجھے یاد ہے کہ 1989ء پرل کانٹی نینٹل ہوٹل میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کی کوئی تقریب تھی وہاں جب ہم پہنچے تو پارٹی کارکنان میں پیلز لیبر بیورو کے مزدور رہنمائوں اور کارکنوں کی بھی خاصی تعداد تھی جو پرانے کپڑوں میں بیٹھے ہوئے تھے ۔تو میں نے دوستوں سے کہا یہ پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کا خاصہ ہے کہ یہاں آپ سوٹڈ بوٹڈ لوگ ہی نہیں عام کپڑے پہنے مزدور بھی نظر آئیں گے اور ان کو وہی عزت و وقار ملتا ہے جو ایک تھری پیس پہنے شخص کو عزت ۔انہیں چئیر مین ذوالفقار علی بھٹو شہید نے دی ۔چند دن پہلے پورٹ قاسم کراچی میں پیلز لیبر بیورو کی لیبر یونین کی جیتنے کی خبر سنی تو ایسا لگا کہ کسی قومی اسمبلی کی بڑی سیٹ سے معرکہ سر ہوا ہے کہ پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی بنیادی طور پر مزدوروں کسانوں پسے ہوئے طبقات کی جماعت ہے ۔
Nine articles have been analyzed containing research results on misconceptions about isomerism. Analysis was conducted to examine the potential to causes emergence of the misconception. The analysis result are expected to be useful for teachers in learning for the same concepts. At least the teacher can avoid misconceptions that have happened before and innovate to find the right learning strategy. Isomerism can be categorized as a defined concept so that students are expected to be able to use rules for the purpose of classifying objects or events. The analysis showed 31 misconceptions experienced by grade 11 students to prospective chemistry teachers on isomerism concept. Thirty-one misconceptions are classified into three groups based on students' abilities needed to understand the concept of isomerism. The three groups are: (1) understanding the definition and application of rules; (2) spatial understanding; and (3) microscopic understanding. At this time only eleven misunderstandings were discussed, namely misunderstandings whose causes belong to the group (1). As an indicator caused misconception is inability of the sample to classify objects/events based on the attributes or characters indicated by the object/event. To teach a defined concept, it is recommended to use a strategy that contains detailed explanatory definitions and rules, examples and non-examples, and the elaboration process. In order to increase student reasoning, it is recommended to use a isomerism concept logic scheme
An increased emphasis is placed on the role of the teachers to cope with the rapid changing world. On the one hand, high importance is given to the professional development (PD) of teachers and on the other hand, a critical need exists to examine the influence of those professional development courses on teachers’ belief and classroom practices. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ongoing professional development on ELTs’ beliefs and practices in two private schools in Gilgit Baltistan, that undergone reforms through funded project. The study attempted to determine the influence of the programme on two English language teachers teaching beliefs and classroom practices. Both of the teachers had participated in different professional development courses and trainings. For this purpose, case study method was employed and the data were collected via semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, formal discussions, informal conversations and field notes. The data analysis revealed that both the teachers who had participated in the professional development programmes, demonstrated conceptual change about teaching and learning English, they displayed positive attitudes towards teaching and learning English and they have improved their teaching skills and classroom practices. The study found a complex and dynamic relationship between beliefs and practices. The teaching context and background were found as key factors that have greater influence on shaping beliefs and guiding teachers’ practices. Lastly, it was discovered that teachers’ personal capabilities and motivation play key roles in their development as a teacher. Finally, this study recommends that English Language teaching can be improved and made effective through providing professional development opportunities for the teachers.