Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Exploring Print Media for Developing Reading Skills at Secondary Level

Exploring Print Media for Developing Reading Skills at Secondary Level

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ali

Supervisor

Malik Ajmal Gulzar

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2006

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

91.;

Subject

English

Language

English

Other

Call No: 420.7 MUE; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710069148

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

مفتی شوکت علی فہمی

مفتی شوکت علی
۱۵؍ اپریل کو تھوڑے وقفوں سے اردو کے تین اہل قلم کی وفات ہوگئی، جناب مالک رام صاحب پر اسی شمارہ میں مفصل مضمون دیا جارہا ہے۔ مفتی شوکت علی فہمی کا اصل وطن میرٹھ تھا۔ وہاں سے میڑک پاس کرنے کے بعد تحریک عدم تعاون سے متاثر ہوئے اور انگریزی تعلیم چھوڑ کر دہلی چلے آئے اور ’’دین دنیا‘‘ کی ادارت کی ذمہ داری سنبھالی اور متعدد دینی و تاریخی کتابیں لکھیں جو زیادہ معیاری تو نہیں ہیں لیکن ان سے بڑا فیض پہنچا۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ مئی ۱۹۹۳ء)

 

رسالہ اور مدیر: مکاتیب شبلی کا مطالعہ معاصر مدیران کے لئے رہنما اصول

In the contemporary academia, importance of journals is an established fact. Not only does the traditional academia discourse, but also modern discipline appears due to such endeavor of such traditions of journal. An editor is the key person who lightens the quality of writing. All฀mah Shibl฀ Nu‘m฀n฀ (1857-1914) was not only an historian, writer, scholar and a great expert in the field of journals. He was the very first editor of various journals in the sub-continent. He had great vision in arrangement multiple discourses in the journals, at the same time his expertise in editorship can be explored. In his opinion a good editor needs to observe these characteristics. He should establish good relationship with scholars to achieve good targets of excellent writings. He should appoint co-editors for training and take keen interest in the additional responsibilities. He should select important as well as relevant articles and ensure material for the Journal in advance. He should also have a curious look on the contemporary journals to organize, review on latest books and to exploit various available sources to propagate journals. Shibl฀ can be called a modern vehicle of expression. He made substantial contribution in enhancing the quality of the journals and promoting journals material for a wide readership. He trained novice graduates for professional editorship for the journals. Here is an effort to highlight Shibl฀’s letters as golden principle of writing.

Efficient Hardware Design of Elliptic Curve Point Multiplication Accelerators

In recent years, the evolution of technology has broadened the avenues of information sharing. The volume of sensitive and important information being exchanged over the insecuremediumhasincreaseddramatically. Ellipticcurvecryptography(ECC)hasbecomewidelyacceptedasanefficientmechanismtosecureprivatedatausingpublic-key protocols. The pivotal operation within ECC based crypto-systems is scalar point multiplication which is computationally expensive. Point multiplication can be achieved by iterative execution of point addition and point doubling groups operations which in turn are based on finite field arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. These finite field arithmetic operations, especially the finite field multiplication are the bottleneck of any ECC based crypto-system. To reduce the computational cost of point multiplication operation, by optimizing these finite field arithmetic operations, is an active area of research. Efficient hardware implementations of Elliptic Curve Point Multipliers (ECPM) over several new platforms have been in the focal point of major research efforts for the last two decades. Field Programmable gate arrays (FPGA) due to its reconfigurable nature and less development time has become a very popular choice for hardware implementationofcryptographicalgorithms. ECPMarchitecturesonFPGAeitheronlyuseLook Up Tables (LUTs) or have utilized embedded Digital signal processing (DSP) blocks along with the LUTs. LUTs-only based designs are portable designs since they can be translated to any FPGA family or standard cell based Application Specific Integrated Circuits(ASIC).However,existingLUTsbaseddesignsareslowersincetheyarebased on finite field arithmetic components which have longer critical path delay and higher clock cycles consumption. DSP based ECPM designs may offer better performance at the cost of increased area. However, DSP based designs have portability issues. The prime objective of this dissertation is to design LUTs based high speed ECPM architectures. ThebottomlayerFp arithmeticoperationsespeciallytheFp multiplication are first optimized at both circuit level and architectural level. Subsequently, based on these optimized finite field arithmetic primitives, and by devising an efficient schedul ing strategy for elliptic curve group operations, this dissertation achieves high speed hardware architectures to perform elliptic curve point multiplication. Inthefirstcontribution,anovelhighspeedRedundant-Signed-Digit(RSD)basedECPM architecture for arbitrary curves over a general prime field is designed. It is based on a new high speed finite field multiplier architecture which employs different parallel computation techniques at both circuit level and architectural level. As a result of these optimizationstrategies,theproposedmultiplieroffersasignificantreductionincomputation time over the state-of-the-art. An efficient scheduling strategy is devised for PA andPDgroupoperationswhichreducedtherequirednumberofclockcyclesforECPM design. The ECPM architecture designed in this dissertation offers higher speed and lower area-time product than recent state-of-the-art ECPM designs. In the second contribution of this dissertation, an ECPM architecture for low area applications is developed. The ECPM design utilizes fewer resources while maintaining the competitive speed with other state-of-the-art ECPMs. The finite field multiplier developed in this dissertation offers lower area-time product than recent contemporary designs. Basedonthisfinitefieldmultiplierandapipelinedfinitefieldadder/subtractor, an ECPM architecture is designed that offers lower area-time product than recent stateof-the-art ECPM designs. The third contribution presents a high speed ECPM architecture for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommended primes. Different strategies such as RSD representation, segmentation and pipelining are used to reduce the critical path delayandrequirednumberofclockcyclesforthefinitefieldarithmeticprimitives. The implementation results demonstrate that the proposed ECPM architecture outperforms other state-of-the-art designs in terms of speed and area-time product metrics. Finally, an ECPM architecture for the Curve448 is developed in the last contribution of this dissertation. Curve448 is recently recommended by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for future cryptography. The only existing ECPM architecture over the Curve448isaDSPbaseddesignandlacksportability. TheECPMarchitecturedesigned inthisdissertationisthefirstLUTsbasedimplementationfortheCurve448. Thedesign is optimized with a focus on both performance and resource utilization. A comparison with the state-of-the-art ECPM designs shows that ECPM design in this dissertation provides higher speed and can be adopted in time-critical applications.