1۔ حدِ زنا
زنا کا لغوی و اصطلاحی مفہوم
زنا کثیر المعنی لفظ ہے ۔ اس کا ایک معنی ہے، عظیم ، بلند، چنانچہ ابن فارس تحریر کرتے ہیں
"الزاء والنون والحرف المعتل لا تتضايف، ولا قياس فيها لواحدةٍ على أخرى. فالأوَّل الزِّنَى، معروف. ويقال إنّه يمدّ ويقصر. یقال أبا حاضِرٍ مَنْ يَزْنِ يُعرَف زنَاؤُهُ ۔ "71
"زنا کا اصل زا ء اور نون اور آخر میں ی معتل ہے اس میں کسی اور چیز کا اضافہ نہیں ہوسکتا اور اس میں ایک کو دوسرے پر قیاس نہیں کیا جا سکتا ۔ اس میں پہلا مادہ زَنَی َ ہے اور یہی معروف ہے اور یہ مدہ اور قصر دونوں کے ساتھ پڑھا جا سکتا ہے جیسے کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ ایسا بلند مرتبہ شخص ہے جس کا عظیم مرتبت ہونا مشہور ہے۔ "
زنا حرام کا م ہے اور عظیم گناہوں میں ایک گناہ ہے ۔ ابن قدامہ نے زنا کو عظیم اور بڑا گناہ کہا ہے
"الزنا حرام وهو من الكبائر العظام ۔"72
زنا کا ایک معنی ہے گھر والے سے بغاوت کرنے والی عورت ،جیسا کہ ابن منظور لکھتےہیں
"الزِّنا يمد ويقصر زَنَى الرجلُ يَزْني زِنىً مقصور وزناءً ممدود وكذلك المرأَة وزانى مُزاناةً وزَنَّى كَزَنى... والمرأَة تُزانِي مُزاناةً وزِناء أَي تُباغِي۔ "73
"زنا مدہ اور قصر کے ساتھ پڑھا جا سکتا ہے" زَنَى الرجلُ يَزْني زِنىً" یہ مقصور ہے اور "وزناءً " یہ ممدود ہے اور اسی طرح عورت کے بارے میں ہے کہ زانیہ عورت یعنی اپنے گھر والے کے حق میں بغاوت کرنے والی ہے۔ "
بغیر نکاح کے کسی غیر عورت سے ہم بستری کرنا زنا کہلاتا ہے اور امام راغب اصفہانی کے بقول زنا
"الزنا وطءُ المراۃمن غیر عقد شرعی۔ "74
"عقد شرعی کے بغیر کسی عورت سے ہم بستری کرنا ہے۔ "
اصطلاحی مفہوم یہ ہے کہ...
This article explores the motives of the human believing behaviour. The author postulates that to believe in God is natural and not to believe is a deviation from the true and pure human nature. This fact has, also, been admitted by many philosophers, psychologists and geneticists. A brief debate with reference to philosophy, anthropology, psychology and genetics has been presented to have a review the opinions of some eminent philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists about the believing behavior of the human nature. The traces of the religiosity of the primitive tribes without exception are a further evidence for the said fact. Some evidences have been presented from history and also from the examples of some living primitive tribes of Australia and Africa to accentuate the stance that to believe in God is a natural, innate, instinctual motive in the human nature. Author also quotes certain verses from the Qur’an to confirm the conformity of the historical, philosophical, psychological and genetical facts and findings with the Qur’anic stance about the believing behaviour of the human nature. The motives behind human behaviour in believing God are counted by the author as: rationality, anxiousness for God and the Life hereafter, Love of God, Affiliation with the native culture, Influence and Inspiration, Religion: A Remedy or Solution and Preaching in Terms of addresses.
This study find the relationship between intrinsic, extrinsic religiosity and awareness About Islamic banking
with selection of Islamic banking awareness selection of Islamic banking. The objective is tofind out that is
there positive relationship between religiosity and selection of Islamic banking, also is there any positive
relationship between awareness of Islamic banking and selection of Islamic banking.
To conduct this research a survey is conducted through a questionnaire through a modified questionnaire
developed after having literature review. This survey used sample of 500 respondents who are in capacity to
make contract with bank. Data collected from the survey is filtered, screened out for outliers. Normality,
linearity, Multicollinearity test and Heteroscedasticity tests applied to check appropriateness of data to run
regression analysis. Multiple regression is tested on the model.
Results show that most of the account holders are males by gender, employees by profession and want to deal
with Islamic banks but currently mostly have conventional banking account. Intrinsic religiosity is high among
the participants in comparison to other independent variable extrinsic religiosity and awareness of Islamic
banking. The study reveals that extrinsic religiosity is very low among the participants and awareness of
Islamic banking exist but at a low level. Research conclude that it is intrinsic religiosity which impact the most
for selection of Islamic banking, banking customers in Pakistan have a low level of awareness of Islamic banking
that's why they prefer Islamic banking but don't deal with Islamic banks.
It is recommended that Islamic banks of Pakistan must put their resources to improve the level of awareness
of banking customers of Pakistan and develop programs for awareness campaigns to make all the potential
customers into active customers of Islamic banking.