Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Eeprom and Flash Programmer for Atmel and Microchip Microcontrollers by Using Rs-232 Interface

Eeprom and Flash Programmer for Atmel and Microchip Microcontrollers by Using Rs-232 Interface

Thesis Info

Author

Syed Abdullah Shahid, Kashif Mehmood

Supervisor

Ahsan Mirza

Department

Department of Computer Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2003

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676719767727

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

دل کھول کے اگے رکھ

دل کھول کے اگے رکھ
جانے بھانویں یار نہ ککھ
جے عشق انگاری ہووے
اوہ جاندی اک دن بھکھ
’’اَلعشقُ نار‘‘ آیا
ہن مزہ ہجر دا چکھ
جد حسن انوکھا ہووے
دل ایویں جاندا بھکھ
وچ پانی سوٹا ماریے
اوہ کدی نہ ہوندا وکھ
جیہڑے ہیسن عاشق سچے
اوہو ہو گئے ساتھوں وکھ
نت جادو پئی جگاوے
تیری ہیریاں ورگی اکھ

تعلیل احادیث صحیحین: امام ابو حاتم وأبو زرعہ كی آراء كا تنقیدی جائزہ

It is unique and high distinction of the Muslim Ummah that they have saved the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). There have been high profile scholars who had dedicated their lives for the investigation of veracity and authenticity of Ḥadīths. They have been sifting the narrators of Ḥadīths through the myriad of resources to endorse or reject the authenticity of Ḥadīths. Amongst these eminent scholars, Imām Abū Ḥātim and Imām Abū Zur'ah, who made great contribution in the field of Elal Ḥadīth. Both criticized Aḥādīth some of which are quoted in Sahih Imām Bukhārī and Sahih Imām Muslim. Both books have always been taken as an authentic source for the veracity of Aḥādīth. However, they have pointed out a few such aspects which are vital for keeping the veracity and authenticity of Aḥādīth. This article is an attempt to study those Aḥādīth as quoted in the two above mentioned books and were criticized by Imām Abū Ḥātim and Abū Zur’ah in their book Elal Ḥadīths, by comprising with sayings of the concerned scholars. The most accurate aspect has been elaborated.

Impact of Joint Forest Management on Rural Livelihoods in Pakistan: Case Studies of Kalam and Siran Forest Division

In the past forest management policies in Pakistan were based on colonial/ conventional approach which did not allow participation of the local communities in the management of forest resources. The concept of Joint Forest Management was initiated in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 1996 which emphasized the active involvement of local communities in forest management to achieve both the sustainable forest management and community livelihoods. The JFM was institutionalized through Forest Ordinance 2002 and JFM (Community Participation Rules) were framed by the forest department for its operating. Since then a number of Joint Forest Management Committees have been established for joint management of forests throughout the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The research study was conducted to analyze the impacts of JFM on rural livelihoods in Pakistan. The results of the study are based on the experience of JFM in 10 villages of Siran and Kalam Forest Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (selected as a case study for this research). The main objectives of research were to assess the impacts of JFM on the condition of forests and its role in livelihoods provision to the forest-adjacent communities, attitude of the concerned rural communities and forest department staff towards the approach of JFM, factors influencing local community involvement in joint management of forests and to identify issues/ problems in the JFM system and suggest improvement measures. The data was collected from the two primary stakeholders’ involved in the JFM i.e local community/ JFMC members & forest department personnel. A total of 150 No. of samples were selected from local community/ JFMCs through stratified random sampling technique whereas 20 No. of respondents were selected from forest department personnel on purposive basis. Thus the overall number of samples was 170. Interview schedules and focus group discussions were used as a tool to get the information from respondents. The results of the study revealed that the rural communities are dependent upon the forest resources for their livelihoods. The JFM has positive impacts on rural livelihoods through legal access of the local communities to the adjacent forests for satisfying their needs such as fuel wood, timber, fodder/ grasses. Further, the JFM has legally allowed the locals for collection and selling of NTFPs/ medicinal plants from the forest and for royalty/ community share in the sale of trees. The study results further showed that the JFM had played a role in generating the income earning opportunities through nursery raising and selling, daily wager opportunities in plantations, employment in forest enclosures, provision of free of cost fruit plants for orchards, seeds for kitchen gardening, capacity building/ skill development of the locals and social networking. The attitude of both the forest department personnel and local community towards the approach of JFM was found to be positive. The level of local community participation in JFM activities was high in majority of the study areas due to the above benefits of JFM. The JFM had contributed in development of forest resources through plantations on communal and private lands, nursery raising, NTFPs conservation and development, agro forestry, establishment of forest enclosures and range land improvement activities. The local community was also involved in forest protection measures such as community forest check posts, patrolling, and fire protection. The issues/ problems in the JFM explored by the study were lack of trust between locals and forest department staff, lack of clarity on JFM Rules, bureaucratic/ non-participatory approach of forest department, lack of decision making/ transfer of power to the local communities in JFM, conflicts within the local communities, and issues on distribution of monetary benefits. The study concludes that although problems exist in the JFM but it has played a role in both the livelihoods improvement and forest development. Based on the findings of the research study, the researcher offers some key recommendations for improvement, strengthening and effectiveness of the JFM.