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Anti-Piracy Sterecoscopi Video Watermarking System

Thesis Info

Author

Syed Muhammad Hassan Chisti

Supervisor

Bilal Mehboob

Department

Department of Computer Science

Program

BCS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676719806529

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نیل کنارے دو دل ہارے

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مصری نوجوان ان دو شخصیات کے ممنون ہوں نہ ہوں دریائے نیل کی ممنونیت سے انکار نہیں کر سکتے ۔دریا کے کنارے سرکار نے بیٹھنے کے لیے خوبصورت اور آرام دہ جگہ بنائی ہے یہاں نیل کی تازہ ہوا کے جھونکے کی سر مستی میں یہ نوجوان لڑکے اور لڑکیا ں ایک دوسری سے محبت کی پینگیں بڑھاتے ہیں ۔مصر میں مرد و زن کے اختلاط پرکوئی سرکاری یا سماجی پابندی نہیں عورت اپنی زندگی کا ساتھی بڑے اعتماد کے ساتھ نا صرف چن سکتی ہے بلکہ اس کا اظہا بھی برملا کر تی ہے ۔ میرے خیال میں شاید ہی کسی دوسرے مسلم ملک میں عورت کو یہ اختیار حاصل ہو جو مصری عورت کو حاصل ہے ۔دریائے نیل کے کنارے جوان جوڑوں کی بیٹھک دریا کے حسن میں اضافے کا موجب بنتی ہے ۔مصری لڑکیاں جدید مغربی لباس کے اوپر خوش رنگ کوٹ زیب تن کر کے اور سر پر دوپٹے کی جگہ سکارف پہنے انتہائی جاذبِ نظر دکھاتی دیتی ہیں ۔تھوڑے تھوڑے فاصلے پر بیٹھے ان جوڑوں کے درمیان سوڈان او ر دوسرے غریب افریقی ممالک کی خواتین گھومتی نظر آتی ہیں جو ہاتھوں میں خوش رنگ گلدستے لیے ان محب اور محبوب کی خوش گپیوں میں مخل ہو کر رنگ میں بھنگ ڈال کر مطالبہ کرتی ہیں کہ ہم سے پھول خرید کر اپنے دوست کو پیش کرے ۔میں نے سوڈانی خاتون سے پوچھا کہ دن میںکتنے گلدستے فروخت کرتی ہو ،بولی دن اچھا ہو تو سو جنین کے پھول نکل جاتے ہیں میں نے  دکتور محمود سے پوچھا کہ آپ نے کبھی کسی کے ساتھ نیل کے کنارے پر لطف وقت بتایا ہے ،بولے ہائے میرے نصیب میری غربت اس راہ میں بڑی رکاوٹ ہے ۔میں نے پوچھا اس پر لطف وقت کے لیے...

پاکستانی معاشرے میں مطلقہ خواتین کے قانونی مسائل، مجوزہ حل

In the contemporary world whereas the family life is facing so many problems rather there is most important issue and that is the family life which is breaking rapidly. From the last two decades the trend of broken families has grown up to a dangerous level. This situation creates many problems for divorced women in Pakistan. Whereas the social problems are full of countless bitters for women and her families and the legislative problems are full of economical, social, physical, psychological and emotional stress. This situation becomes unforgettable and the worst tragedy of life. The struggle of divorcee for survival their rights becomes an uncompensated sin or crime which is an extremely painful process. In this paper the legislative problems of divorced women will be presented according to the statistics which have been collected from the divorced women.

Hamiltonian Properties of Generalized Halin Graphs

A Halin graph is a graph H = T ∪ C, where T is a tree with no vertex of degree two, and C is a cycle connecting the end-vertices of T in the cyclic order determined by a plane embedding of T . Halin graphs were introduced by R. Halin [16] as a class of minimally 3-connected planar graphs. They also possess interesting Hamiltonian properties. They are 1-Hamiltonian, i.e., they are Hamiltonian and remain so after the removal of any single vertex, as Bondy showed (see [23]). Moreover, Barefoot proved that they are Hamiltonian connected, i.e., they admit a Hamiltonian path be- tween every pair of vertices [1]. Bondy and Lov ́asz [6] and, independently, Skowronska [33] proved that Halin graphs on n vertices are almost pancyclic, more precisely they contain cycles of all lengths l (3 ≤ l ≤ n) except possibly for a single even length. Also, they showed that Halin graphs on n vertices whose vertices of degree 3 are all on the outer cycle C are pancyclic, i.e., they must contain cycles of all lengths from 3 to n. In this thesis, we define classes of generalized Halin graphs, called k-Halin graphs, and investigate their Hamiltonian properties. In chapter 4, we define k-Halin graph in the following way. A 2-connected planar graph G without vertices of degree 2, possessing a cycle C such that (i) all vertices of C have degree 3 in G, and (ii) G − C is connected and has at most k cycles is called a k-Halin graph. A 0-Halin graph, thus, is a usual Halin graph. Moreover, the class of k-Halin graphs is contained in the class of (k + 1)-Halin graphs (k ≥ 0). We shall see that, the Hamiltonicity of k-Halin graphs steadily decreases as k increases. Indeed, a 1-Halin graph is still Hamiltonian, but not Hamiltonian con- nected, a 2-Halin graph is not necessarily Hamiltonian but still traceable, while a 3-Halin graph is not even necessarily traceable. The property of being 1-Hamiltonian, Hamiltonian connected or almost pancyclic is not preserved, even by 1-Halin graphs. However, Bondy and Lov ́asz’ result about the pancyclicity of Halin graphs with no inner vertex of degree 3 remains true even for 3-Halin graphs. The property of being Hamiltonian persists, however, for large values of k in cubic 3-connected k-Halin graphs. In chapter 5, it will be shown that every cubic 3- connected 14-Halin graph is Hamiltonian. A variant of the famous example of Tutte [37] from 1946 which first demonstrated that cubic 3-connected planar graphs may not be Hamiltonian, is a 21-Halin graphs. The cubic 3-connected planar non-Hamiltonian graph of Lederberg [21], Bos ́ak [7] and Barnette, which has smallest order, is 53-Halin. The sharpness of our result is proved by showing that there exist non-Hamiltonian cubic 3-connected 15-Halin graphs.