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Volunteer Computing on Android Devices

Thesis Info

Author

Shahid Ali Khan

Supervisor

Abid Khan

Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Program

BSE

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676720411956

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سردار نرنجن سنگھ لانبہ

لانبہ ، سردار نرنجن سنگھ
انتقال پر ملال
حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی ؒ کے انتہائی عقیدت مند سردار نرنجن سنگھ لانبہ ۴ جنوری ۱۹۹۳ء کی علی الصبح کو اچانک انتقال فرماگئے۔ وہ ۸۴ سال کے تھے۔ اور بڑے ہی مخلص اور غریبوں کے ہمدرد و بہی خواہ تھے۔ بہت بڑے کاروباری ہوتے ہوئے بھی بے سہاروں، بیواؤں، یتیموں کی فلاح و بہبودگی کے کاموں میں بڑھ چڑھ کر حصہ لیتے تھے، انسانیت کی خدمت میں ہمیشہ جٹے رہتے تھے۔
مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے جاں نثار و فدا ئی تھے، ان سے تعلق ِخصوصی قیام پاکستان سے قبل راولپنڈی ہی سے تھا، برابر خط و کتابت رہتی تھی۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد مفتی صاحب کی عقیدت و محبت ہی انہیں دہلی کھینچ لائی تھی۔ تعصبات و تنگ نظری سے بالکل پاک و صاف تھے، بلا لحاظ مذہب و ملّت ضرورت مندوں کی امداد کرتے رہتے تھے۔ حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے انتقال کی خبر ملتے ہی بلک بلک کر رونے لگے اور کہنے لگے کہ آج ہمارے مسلمانانِ ہند اور ملک کے اوپر سے سایہ ٔ شفقت اٹھ گیا ہے۔ مفتی صاحب کے جنازے میں باوجود سخت بیماری و تکلیف کے جامع مسجد سے مہندیان تک پیدل ہی چلتے رہے، لوگوں نے ان کے درد کی شدت کو محسوس کرتے ہوئے انھیں سواری میں بیٹھنے کے لیے کہا تو بولے کہ جس ہستی نے ملک و قوم کی خدمت میں اپنی پوری زندگی قربان کردی اس ہستی کے لیے ہم پیدل بھی نہیں چل سکتے کیا؟
حقیقت تو یہ ہے کہ لانبہ صاحب قدیم روایات و تہذیب کے امین تھے۔ ان کے انتقال سے ایک خلا سا محسوس ہورہا ہے ۔ حق تعالیٰ سے دعاہے کہ ان کے انتقال پر ملال پر ہم سب کو، ان کے متعلقین کو اور ان کے تمام...

Practical Depiction of Gender Equality in Fiqh ul Seerah Perspective: An Analytical Assessment

“Gender equality” is certainly not another concept, this approach had been advocated in Islam, based on principles of equity and universal justice. Equality of rights are discussed in detail in sharīʿah (Islamic Law) and Holy Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (had implemented them during his sacred era. Because the Qur'an and the Seer’ah of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (is a permanent phenomenon of practice and guidance. According to the sharīʿah men and women without any discrimination are equal before Allah, and women had granted their rights in inheritance and property, social and marriage rights, not aforementioned only, women also have the right to perform civic and administrative duties. From last few decades the concept of gender equality has increased and becoming chicer and trending on the international level. This study emphasizes the equal status between men and women, described in sharīʿah (Islamic Law; based upon Qur’an and Hadith mainly). This concept has often been misunderstood by the majority of society as a direct result of ignorance on how Islam perceives this concept. Not surprisingly, throughout the history of Islam indicates the prominent role has played by Muslim women played every walk of life. Therefore, the present research has discussed the gender equality in fiqh ul seerah perspective and has provided the detailed interpretation in the light of derived Law from actions and decisions taken by the Holy Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم, (along this the study also sheds lights upon the implementation of these gender-based rights during most sacred prophetic era and during the period of righteous caliphate as well.

Synthesis, Characterization and Structural Determination of Some Transition Metal Fluoride Chelates

Nitrogen donor ligands have been found to cause d-block metal fluorides to dissolve in water ethanol and methanol. From some of these solutions metal fluoride hydrate complexes were isolated. The work had been concentrated on fluorides of metals that have a role in enzymes; copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt. A large number of fluoride complexes have been made and some of them produced crystals suitable for the X-ray analysis. The X-ray and infrared studies indicated that the structures were stabilized by extensive fluoride hydrogen bonding interactions involving ligand or lattice molecules. In some fluoride complexes, the fluoride hydrogen bonds were very strong. The X-ray structure determination of [Ni(im)6]F2.5H2O (1a) (im = imidazole) revealed the presence of octahedral configuration around nickel. This complex presents a rare example of a complex with lattice water hydrogen bonded to lattice fluoride. Both the intra and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds were observed in the structure of [Ni(im)6]F2.5H2O (1a). The lattice fluorides are connected by short hydrogen bonds to lattice waters. Moreover intra-molecular hydrogen bonds connect the lattice water to -NH group of imidazole. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between lattice fluoride and -NH group of imidazole and between lattice water of one molecule and lattice fluoride of other molecule also exists and stabilizes the crystal. In [Ni(dmen)2F2].8H2O (1b) (dmen = 1,1,N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine) nickel has some what distorted octahedral geometry, in which it is coordinated to two fluorides and two 1,1,N,N-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine ligands (dmen). The fluoride ligands are trans to each other and occupy axial positions. This is an example of molecular complex. xi The two hydrogen bonds of apical fluorides are R(F---O) = 2.6104(11) and 2.6798(12) Å which are among the short F---H-O hydrogen bonds between lattice water and fluoride ligand in a neutral complex. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Co(im)6]SiF6 (2a) (im = imidazole) provided a rare example of complex where SiF62- ion present as counter ion. SiF62- indicates regular octahedral geometry with all F-Si-F bond angles of 90.82(4) and 89.18(3)°. Each fluoride ion of hexafluorosilicate moiety is hydrogen bonded to two nitrogen atoms of coordinated imidazole with N-H---F = 2.9345(12) Å. The SiF62- anion join [Co(im)6]2+ cations through hydrogen bonds forming infinitely extended chains. A complex of cobalt and 1,10-phenanthroline [Co(phen)3]F2.2H2O (2c) was prepared. The X-ray analysis revealed weak hydrogen bonds between lattice fluoride and lattice waters. There are also strong hydrogen bonds between lattice waters with R(O2---O1) = 2.780(2) Å. This distance is significantly shorter than sum of their Vander Waal’s radii (3.04 Å). The crystal structure of [Co(bpy)2(CO)3]F.8H2O (2d) (bpy = 2,2 ́-bipyridine) showed that the cobalt has distorted octahedral environment. The complex has been synthesized without adding any carbonate. The source of carbonate could be air CO2, dissolved and get trapped in lattice during slow evaporation. O-H---O and O-H---F hydrogen bonds generate a one dimensional chain. The R (O---F) bond length in this complex is within the range of short lattice fluoride lattice water hydrogen bond distances. Two isostructural complexes [Co(dmen)2F2].2H2O (2b) and [Zn(dmen)2F2].2H2O (3) (dmen = 1,1,N,N-dimethylethan-1,2-diamine) were prepared. Their X-ray analysis revealed that coordinated fluorides occupied apical positions in both complexes. Lattice waters are strongly hydrogen bonded to apical fluorides. These F---HOH hydrogen bonds extend through the lattice and stabilize the complex. A relatively weak intramolecular hydrogen bond exists between axial fluorides and -NH groups. The linear chain complex [Cu(isna)4SiF6].9H2O (4) (isna = isonicotinamide) was prepared by reacting copper fluoride in methanol water mixture with isonicotinamide (isna). The X-ray structure of the complex [Cu(isna)4SiF6].9H2O (4) revealed the presence of chains built up by [Cu(isna)4]2+ and SiF62- ions, attached to each other via Cu-F-Si bonds. The coordination geometry around the copper is tetragonally distorted octahedral. The two axial copper to fluoride bonds are slightly elongated due to John Teller’ s distortion in octahedral Cu(II) complexes. Geometry around SiF62- is almost regular octahedral. Each fluoride of coordinated SiF62- is hydrogen bonded to two ring nitrogen atoms belonging to ligand isonicotinamide with R(N--- F) = 2.838(3) Å. Water molecule O(2) in lattice form four hydrogen bonds in tetrahedral geometry, one with amide nitrogen, second with carbonyl oxygen and two with water molecules.