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Agricultural Accounting and Information System for Farmers

Thesis Info

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Author

Muhammad Kamran

Institute

Virtual University of Pakistan

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Software Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://vspace.vu.edu.pk/detail.aspx?id=14

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676720945434

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Context: E-agriculture is modern form of agriculture that integrates information and communication technology (ICT) into agricultural practices. The objective of e-agriculture is to fulfill increasing food demand with least input resources. E-agriculture achieves this goal by using the automated systems to control the field operations and provides necessary information to agriculturists efficiently. In literature, various information systems have been proposed, however such systems are expensive for small land farmers. Moreover, such systems are not easy to use and information presented is hard to be interpreted by farmers. Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture contributes 21% to the GDP of Pakistan. Therefore, agricultural reforms are very important to provide timely information to farmers and provide them with tools that can help them in managing agricultural activities especially agricultural finance management. Objectives: The aim of this research was to propose a web based information system by systematically analyzing the existing literature on e-agriculture and identifying the information and accounting issues of local farmers. The system could provide accurate, necessary and timely information to small land farmers and could support them in managing agricultural finance. Method: To achieve research objectives a multi method research approach was adopted. In this approach, a combination of empirical research methods were used that complement each other. At first, a mapping study was conducted to investigate evidences available in the existing literature one-agriculture. Secondly, case study in District Pakpattan was conducted to identify the agricultural financial accounting and information issues of local farmers and to resolve these issues by developing a web based system. The system was evaluated by measuring users? satisfaction by customizing Delone and Mclean Information Success (IS) model. Hypotheses were developed and field survey was conducted in rural area of Punjab to collect data. The results were produced and hypotheses were tested by employing regression analysis. Results: From this research, we identified that the research on e-agriculture was introduced in 2003. Various systems were proposed to support farmers in agricultural activities. It was identified that agricultural farms using these systems are getting more profit. However, interfaces of these systems were complex, their cost was high and requires technical expertise therefore adoption rate of these systems was low and they were beyond the reach of small land farmers. The proposed application developed in this research was evaluated through field study. The results showed that famers were very satisfied with system and service quality provided in the proposed application, however information quality was not considered significant. Conclusion: In developed countries automated systems are used to gain high yield, however, in developing countries e-agriculture is still at its initial stage. Farmers are semi-literate and have low digital literacy to use technology. To get full benefits of e-agriculture, there is need to introduce reforms and trainings to local farming community about the use of computer and hand held devices such as mobiles. Also, there is need to provide easy to use information systems with local language support. From this study, we concluded that easy to understand information system especially designed for semi-literate farmers with the support of native language are more likely to be accepted by the farmers? community.
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کر کے قول قرار دے بھج جانا

کر کے قول قرار دے بھج جانا
چنگا نہیں ہوندا لا کے پج جانا
ہک وار تاں یار ملا ربا
اساں ویکھدیاں سار ای رج جانا
پردہ رکھیے کسے دا رب آکھے
کم مرد دا اے پردہ کج جانا
دکھی دل نوں جنھاں نے جت لیا
کر سمجھ لے اوہناں نیں حج جانا
کم شہر دے وچ نہیں کوئی اے پر
گلی سجناں دی کسے پج جانا
اوکھے ویلے جو یار نہ کم آوے
چنگا ہوندا اے اوس توں بھج جانا

Impact of Holy Quran Recitation on Psychological Wellbeing Among Muslim Youth

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The Rationale & Development of Organizational Democracy Scale

The emerging labor movement in 20th century had embraced very different views of possibility of democracy at work (Hyman, 2016). Despite being present in the scholarly and industrial research since decades, understanding on organizational democracy was limited (Lee and Edmondson, 2018). Majority of studies on this construct are qualitative, narrow in scope and have generalizability issues (specifically outside Europe and USA).Since the last two decades, academic and industrial researchers have shown greater interest in it, but the concept is still in need of more clarity, as well as theoretical and empirical support (Han and Garg, 2018; Battilana et al., 2016). In continuation of these efforts, this research develops the construct of organizational democracy which is “a system of organizational governance based on the principles of autonomy and freedom giving employees equal rights to participate, share, involve and contribute in organizational affairs directly or indirectly for attaining overall objectives and goals of organization”. Using extensive literature review, this research thoroughly examines how this centuries old multi-disciplinary, multi-dimensional and multi-facet concept came into the management literature. The review also includes a comprehensive discussion on what organizational democracy is, what impacts it can have on the organizations, empirical facts, and industrial practitioner’s efforts in flourishing this idea. Using several qualitative tools (literature review, focus groups, netnography, expert In-depth interviews and field survey), the research develops a construct on organizational democracy, differentiating feature being its comprehensiveness as compared to the already existing one. The qualitative information obtained through all sources was processed through quantitative content analysis using KH Coder. The findings of KH coder and learnings from American civic centre of education three components (liberalism, constitutionalism and functionalism), ten dimensions (freedom, fairness, integrity, tolerance, shared responsibility, structure, transparency, knowledge sharing, accountability and learning environment) were identified that led to development of conceptual framework for organizational democracy. By adopting established scale development procedures (DeVellis, 2017; Hinkin, 1998; Spector, 1992), the organizational democracy scale was developed, refined and validated. The new organizational democracy scale consists of 45-items, consistent with theory three components and ten dimensions. The new dimensions were verified by exploratory factor analysis x (EFA) using a sample of 287 respondents obtained from different educational institutes. The dimensions were further validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using a separate sample of 304 respondents obtained from various industries. All the major goodness-of-fit indices indicated the model’s good fit (χ2/df = 1.52; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.041; SRMR = 0.06). Finally, statistically significant figures (AVE and CR) for convergent and discriminant validities were obtained along with correlation values for each dimension not exceeding the criterion of 0.70 (Stevens, 2009) suggesting negligible multicollinearity. The development of organizational democracy scale is a valuable contribution in management, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource literature, especially in the Asian context. The newly developed measures will assist future researchers and industrial practitioners in deeper exploration of this important organizational construct. In addition, organizational managers and supervisors can use this scale for establishing, assessing and improving democratic practices at their workplaces. The testing of organizational democracy scale under different situations, settings and designs (sample size, contextual boundaries, methodology) in future, will further add to its authentication, validation and applicability.