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اسم الفاعل في صحيح البخاري

Thesis Info

Author

الحفظ محمد فاروق أعظم

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2012

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

132

Language

Arabic

Other

Available at Centeral Library International Islamic University, Pakistan on 492.75ا ع ا

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721067280

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خواجہ حسن نظامی دہلوی

خواجہ حسن نظامی دہلوی
افسوس ہے گزشتہ ماہ میں خواجہ حسن نظامی صاحب دہلوی نے کم وبیش ۷۷ سال کی عمر میں چند روزہ علالت کے بعد اپنے وطن دہلی میں ہی وفات پائی۔ مرحوم عجیب وغریب شخصیت کے مالک تھے۔ دیکھنے میں کمزور ولاغر اورضعیف ومنحنی انسان تھے لیکن ارادہ وعمل کی قوت بے پناہ رکھتے تھے۔ان کی تعلیم قدیم مسلمان خاندانوں کی روایات کے مطابق ہوئی۔لیکن جس کو اعلیٰ معیار کہاجاتا ہے اس حدتک نہ تھی۔ انھوں نے اپنی زندگی نہایت ہی معمولی حالت سے شروع کی، یعنی ایک مزدور کی طرح سرپرکتابوں کابوجھ لادکر ایک جگہ سے دوسری جگہ لے جانااوراس طرح اپنی معاش پیداکرنا ان کی معاشی زندگی کاسب سے پہلا قدم تھا۔ لیکن اپنی محنت، استقلال، جذبۂ عمل اورذہانت کی وجہ سے وہ اس ادنیٰ ترین حالت سے ترقی کرکے ایک ایسے بلند مقام پر پہنچ گئے جہاں ہرمذہب و ملّت کے لاکھوں انسان ان کی عزت کرتے تھے۔ بڑے بڑے والیانِ ریاست ان سے ملنے میں فخر اورمسرت محسوس کرتے تھے۔حکومتیں ان کی بات کوگوش توجہ سے سنتی تھیں اوربہت سے لوگ جن میں ہندو، مسلمان، سکھ، عیسائی اورپارسی، مرد و عورت، جوان و پیر سب ہی شامل تھے ان کے حلقۂ ارادت میں شامل ہونے کے باعث ان کے ایک ایک فقرہ اور جملہ پرسردھنتے تھے۔ ۲۸ء یا ۲۹ء میں بزمانۂ قیام ڈابھیل ایک مرتبہ سورت شہرمیں ایک مسلمان بوہرہ کی دکان پرجانے کااتفاق ہواتو باتوں باتوں میں معلوم ہواکہ وہ اوراس کاپورا گھرانہ خواجہ صاحب سے بیعت ہے اور اگرچہ یہ گھرانہ اردو پڑھنے کی استعداد نہیں رکھتاتھا تاہم اس کامعمول یہ تھاکہ خواجہ صاحب کے ہاں سے ’’درویش‘‘ نام کا جورسالہ نکلتا تھا، سال کے اختتام پراس کی جلد بندھتی تھی اور ایک مطلا جزدان میں وہ محفوظ رکھ دیا جاتا تھا۔عید بقرعید کے دن نماز عیدکے بعد...

مسالک کے مشترکات کے ادراک کی اہمیت: پاکستان کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Signaficance of the Understanding of Intra-faith Similerties: Analytical Study in the Context of Pakistan Muslims are commanded to foster unity as breaking into sects is forbidden by Allah. Islam teaches about broadness of vision and the emergence of different denominations in Islam is because of this broadness. There are different school of thoughts that emerged due to the broader perspective of Shar’ῑah rulings like Hanfῑ, Shᾱfῑ, Mᾱlikῑ and Hanblῑ, J'afrῑ etc despite that there is an essential unity in beliefs and practices among the Muslims. They all worship Allah, follow the last Messenger, Muhammad (ﷺ) and the last revelation Qur’an. They face the same Qibla while praying, prostrate to Allah five times a day, and believe in finality of prophet hood. Qur'an and Ahᾱdῑth are a source of jurisprudence for all Muslims. The difference between Muslims is in understanding and interpreting the Scripture and Ᾱhᾱdῑth of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) in the matters related with implementation of certain religious, social, political, and other duties. Islam rejects sectarianism, intolerance and extremism. Keeping in mind all of the above-mentioned points, in the article an attempt has been made to analyze the major challenges facing the intra-faith unity in Pakistan. The first is ignorance. Second is the role of media and scholars. Third is curriculum and fourth is intolerance. In the beginning the introduction of different schools of thought is given, and then forbearance demonstrated from the life of ‘Salaf Sᾱlihῑn’ has been described to establish an atmosphere of harmony in the present time, especially in Pakistan. The importance and significance of foundations of harmony is explained in such a manner that every Muslim should understand that the differences between the Muslims are very small, as they are only minor disagreements. Other than that, they are united in beliefs and practices. Finally, in the end, recommendations have been proposed.

Hvdc System Stability Study Using Pscad/Emtdc

High voltage direct current (HVDC) system used for bulk power transfer over longer distance offers numerous advantages compared to high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission system, such as inter-connect networks operating at different frequencies, comparatively low line losses because of constant current and absence of reactance. Power converters are needed (AC-to-DC-to-AC) to embed DC links into power transmission systems. Among the power converters, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on voltage-source converters (VSCs) is emerging as a potential candidate for HVDC transmission systems. It offers several advantages, such as the absence of large power supplies at each module, lower harmonics, less switching losses, modular structure, and scalable output voltage. However, for a large DC-network (HVDC system), MMC requires large number of sub-modules (SMs) and switches, which makes its modeling very challenging and computationally intensive using electromagnetic transient (EMT) type programs like PSCAD/EMTDC. Average Value Model (AVM) offers a better option to model MMCs by combining SMs to make an arm equivalent circuit. Each arm of an MMC can be modeled as a controllable voltage source due to cascaded connection of identical SMs, which in turn results in scalable output voltage for MMC. Circulating current and voltage fluctuations of SMs capacitors are important issues to consider during the operation and stability of MMCs. Circulating currents contribute to power loss in MMCs as root mean square (RMS) value of the arm current increases. Circulating current also increases the amplitude of voltage fluctuations of SMs capacitors, DC side current oscillations that affects the stability of MMC. The traditional method for inserting SMs in each arm is based on direct modulation, which utilizes two reference waveforms for controlling arm voltages in MMC. It does not compensate the arm voltage oscillations, and generates circulating current in each leg of a three-phase MMC systems. Existing circulating current control methods can be divided in two groups: (1) elimination of higher order harmonics reduces the RMS value of arm currents at expense of increase in capacitor voltage ripple; and (2) injecting higher order harmonics in circulating currents, which reduces the capacitor voltage ripple at expense of increase in the RMS value of the arm current. In this research work, a new method is proposed and simulated to minimize capacitor energy variations by injecting even order harmonics to the upper and lower arm currents based on direct modulation method. This injection will restrict excessive negative currents in each arm of the MMC, leading to the presence of DC current components, which results in the reduction of circulating currents and RMS values of the arm current inside each leg of 3-phase MMC. Furthermore, with this technique voltage fluctuations of SMs capacitors and oscillations in DC link current also reduce. A two terminal symmetrical monopole MMC-HVDC test system based on time variant AVM model is designed and simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the effectiveness of proposed method. This symmetrical monopole MMC-HVDC system use vector current control that needs grid voltage for synchronization and to accurately extract phase angle and frequency at the point of common coupling (PCC) for the control system. Conventionally Phase-locked loop (PLL) is implemented to synchronize MMC output voltage to grid voltage while estimating, grid voltage phase angle and frequency in order to generate voltage and current references for the grid side converter control system. However, presence of the DC-offset at input voltage of a PLLresults in fundamental frequency oscillations, that introduces phase angle error leading to instability of the MMC-HVDC system as the current references tracked by controllers with erroneous values. Therefore, a 3-phase double integration method (DIM) is proposed and implemented for grid synchronization of a 3-phase MMC in HVDC system, that removes DC offset at input voltage and enables a smooth start during normal start-up of a grid or after disturbance improves the stability of HVDC system. Finally, this research work also highlights the challenges and issues related to the integration of electric power produced by wind energy into the AC Grid. It is concluded that HVDC system provides better option for the possible future expansion of existing AC transmission lines in order to integrate electrical power generated by wind energy sources.