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Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against staphylococcus aureus

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ali

Supervisor

Muhammad Imran Shabbir

Department

Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

34

Subject

Bioinformatics & Biotechnology

Language

English

Other

BS 630 MUA

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721777576

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سید شاہ محمد محی الدین پھلواروی

سید شاہ محمد محی الدین پھلواروی
افسوس ہے پچھلے مہینہ اپریل کی ۲۲؍ تاریخ کوصوبۂ بہار کے امیر شریعت اورپھلواری شریف کی خانقاہِ مجیبیہ کے سجادہ نشین مولانا الحاج السید شاہ محمد محی الدین صاحب نے صبح کے وقت تقریباً آٹھ بجے وفات پائی۔مولانا علم وعمل، تقوی وطہارت اوراخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے علمائے سلف کانمونہ تھے۔ آپ کاروحانی اوراخلاقی فیض واثر بہت وسیع تھا اور آپ کی ذات لاکھوں مسلمانوں کی عقیدت وارادت کامرکز تھی۔اب جبکہ وقت آرہاتھا کہ امارتِ شریعت کاادارہ سیاسی محکومیت کی بندشوں سے آزاد ہوکر اپنے فرائض وواجبات صحیح طور پرانجام دے سکے۔آپ ایسے بزرگ کا رحلت کرجانا مسلمانوں کے لیے جس قدر بھی افسوس اور رنج والم کاباعث ہوکم ہے۔ بہرحال مشیتِ ایزدی میں کسی کوکیا مجالِ دم زدن ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ حضرت مرحوم کوجنت الفردوس میں مقامِ جلیل عطافرمائے اور بیش از پیش نعمتوں اورنوازشوں سے سرفراز فرمائے ۔آمین۔
اسی شمارہ میں مولانا مرحوم کے حالات وسوانح پرایک مختصر مقالہ بھی شریکِ اشاعت ہے۔ [مئی ۱۹۴۷ء]

 

M.H. Panhwar as a Historian

The scope of this article is to find out the strengths and weaknesses of M.H. Panhwar’s historical work and to compare it with other scholars of Sindh. He is the initiator of scientific history writing of Sindh and the only historian who tried to uncover the face behind the social organisation of Sindh. According to him, ‘History is the history of production, control over the means of production and production to its final distribution’. The history is more about people than that of the ruling class as people are makers of history. He had vision to analyze things in their correct historical perspective and, in this context, he took support of archeology, as it is the source of scientific truth. Writing history with data acquired through carbon testing is a new phenomenon in Sindh, which was locally introduced by M. H Panhwar.1 M. H. Panhwar, therefore, was one of the pioneers in giving a new meaning to history by including both ruling elites and the common folk, progressive science, crop technology, forest, wildlife, etc.2 He was the first to throw light on areas which were ignored by other historians. According to him, history written before him is full of the accounts of the rulers’ role in relation to their nobles and foes, battles they fought, attacks, palace plotting, mausoleums, folklore, fiction and so on. Accounts regarding contemporary climate, environments, diversion of rivers, courses and the resultant ruination of irrigation systems, migrations, shifting of people, occupations, social life of the populace etc. Found little room in written histories. For instance changes in production and its means, administration and justice, agriculture, land, animal husbandry, irrigation sources and methods of mining, metallurgy, industry and industrial goods, matrimonial institutions, family and children, houses and interiors, art, architecture, archaeology, personal appearance, dresses, ornaments, foods and drinks, taxes, coins and currency, science and technology, foreign contacts, international trades and traders, routes of trades, religious beliefs, philosophy, hygiene, medicine and doctors, superstitions, common citizens, economic conditions, historical geography of bygone ages, classes of work and their relation with one another, household life, customs, entertainments, pastimes, leisure, attitude of man to nature, languages, literature, literary contacts with outside word, learning and thoughts, status of women and children in affluence and extreme poverty.3 Hence, in real sense M.H Panhwar was scholar of Haig’s Raverty’s and Lambrick’s calibre.

Mathematical Aspects of Some Graph Invariants

A graph invariant is a numerical quantity that remains unchanged under graph isomorphism. Topological indices are graph invariants that represent certain topological features of a graph. For example, connectivity, planarity, girth and diameter are topological features of a graph. Similarly, degrees and distances in a graph are examples of some basic topological features. Some topological indices of a graph can be determined solely in terms of vertex degrees or in terms of distances between the vertices. The former is called a degree-based index and the later is a distance-based index. Another type of topological invariants is the spectrum-based indices that are obtained from the eigenvalues of a graph. Finding an extremal graph with respect to a topological index is the problem of determining a graph maximizing or minimizing the value of that parameter among all graphs of fixed order. Topological descriptors are used in QSAR/QSPR studies to correlate physico-chemical properties of molecules. Our primary focus in this thesis is the study of extremal graphs with respect to some distance-based topological invariants. The graphs on which we emphasize in this part include connected n-vertex graphs with n−1 edges (i.e. trees), connected n-vertex graphs containing n edges (i.e. unicyclic graphs) and connected n-vertex graphs with n + 1 edges (i.e. bicyclic graphs), where bicyclic graphs may contain two or three cycles. We also study the corresponding extremal conjugated graphs with respect to these indices. We further our investigation to compute closed analytical formulas for some recently defined distance-based indices of join and corona product of any finite number of graphs. Moreover, we compute distance-based indices of some 3-fence graphs and their line graphs. We also compute these indices of the finite square grid and its line graph. The mathematical concept of estimation can be defined as a process of approximating a desired result with a statistical technique or software tool. The second aim of this thesis is to estimate two spectrum-based indices for the molecular graphs of some nanotubes. More results of such kind are obtained for all nanocones with one arbitrary cycle as the core.