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3G sector & its future prospects

Thesis Info

Author

Awais Farooq

Supervisor

Muhammad Armghan Mazhar

Department

Department of Technology Management

Program

BBA

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

38

Subject

Technology Management

Language

English

Other

BS 658 AWS

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721825910

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حد کا اصطلاحی مفہوم

حد کا اصطلاحی مفہوم
ایسے امور جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے خود بیان فرما ئی ہے اور ان سے تجاوز کرنے سے منع فرما دیا ہے۔ یہ امور " حدود اللہ " کہلاتے ہیں۔ اہل علم نے حد کی اصطلاحی تعریفیں مندرجہ ذیل بیان کی ہیں:
ایسے کام جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے بیان فرمائی ہو، جیسا کہ ابن منظور افریقی تحریر کرتے ہیں
"وحُدُود الله تعالى الأَشياء التي بيَّن تحريمها وتحليلها وأَمر أَن لا يُتعدى شيء منها۔"8
"حدود اللہ سے مراد ایسی اشیاء ہیں کہ جن کی حلت و حرمت اللہ تعالیٰ نے بیان فرما دی ہے اور یہ حکم دیا ہے کہ ان سے آگے نہ بڑھا جائے۔ "
علامہ زبیدی ؒ (م:1205ھ)حدود کی اقسام اور اس کا مفہوم بیان کرتے ہیں
"فَحُدُودُ ا الله عزّ وجلّ ضَرْبَانِ : ضَرْبٌ منها حُدودٌ!حدَّها للنّاسِ في مَطَاعِمِهم ومَشارِبِهم ومَنَاكِحِهِم وغيرها ممّا أَحَلّ وحَرَّم،وأَمَرَ بالانتِهَاءِ عمّا نَهَى عنه منها ونَهَى عن تَعَدِّيهَا ، والضَّرْب الثانِي عُقوباتٌ جُعِلَتْ لمنْ ركِبَ ما نَهَى عنْه ، كحَدّ السّارِق۔"9
"حدود اللہ کی دو اقسام ہیں: ایک تو ایسی حدود جو لوگوں کے لیے ان کے ماکولات ، مشروبات اور مناکحات وغیرہ میں بسبب حلال اور حرام متعین کی گئی ہیں یہ ان اشیاء سے رکنے کا سبب ہیں جن سے تجاوز کرنے سے روکا گیا ہےاور دوسری قسم وہ سزائیں ہیں جو ممنوع کام کرنے والوں کو دی جاتی ہیں جیسا کہ چور کی حد ۔ "
امام سرخسی ؒ (م:483ھ)حد کی اصطلاحی تعریف کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں
"في الشرع الحد اسم لعقوبة مقدرة تجب حقا لله تعالى ولهذا لا يسمى به التعزير لأنه غير مقدر ولا يسمي به القصاص لأنه حق العباد وهذا لأن وجوب حق العباد۔"10
"شریعت میں حد اس مقررہ سزا کا نام ہے جو بطور حق اللہ...

دور الفرد في مكافحة الجريمة الجنائية في الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي

There is a great importance and significance of the role of an individual to prevent his body and property from an aggression. Islamic law and conventional law has authorized an individual to repel any kind of aggression upon his body and property and has not forced him to stand hands bound towards the aggressor. This role of an individual will help to decrease the ratio of crimes in society. It has been strived in this paper to provide proof of its legalization from Quran, Sunnah and also from conventional law. It has also been tried to discuss the main portions and relevant issues relating to the said topic such as; aggression, offence, defence during the continuance of aggression or offence and retreat during the aggression in Shariah and Common Law.

Impact of Psychosocial Factors on Academic Achievement of University Students in Punjab, Pakistan.

Mental illness is an important but, until recently, neglected agenda in global health. Various types of psychological disorders have always been observed in any society but adolescents are more vulnerable towards these problems than any other age group. In the proportion of young people, students seem to be at high risk of psychiatric diseases. The reason behind this involves the perception that psychological problems are significantly dependent on the individuals’ social circumstances. Hence, students not only experience stressful situations in a society but also in their academic environment. The present study was conducted in Pakistan and the main purpose of this research was to explore the impact of psychosocial factors on academic achievement (AA) of university students in Punjab province. Descriptive studies can use quantitative methodologies therefore; survey type of research was employed for the collection of data. All the public sectors universities of Punjab along with undergraduate students were the population of the present study. Sample of 3000 participants (five hundred male and female undergraduate students) from six public sector universities of Punjab province was taken by using multistage sampling technique. A valid and reliable questionnaire with five subscales namely: Undergraduate Stress Survey (USS), Undergraduate Anxiety Survey (UAS), Undergraduate Depression Survey (UDS), Undergraduate social support survey (USSS), Undergraduate life satisfaction survey (ULSS) was developed for the students in order to record their perceptions about psychosocial factors that influence their AA. National language of Pakistan is Urdu hence; for making the instrument more understandable to the respondents’ researcher used Urdu translation versions of the scale along with English statements and revised in the light of expert opinions. Collected date was analyzed by using SPSS 19th version. xvi Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) endorsed the organization of research scale. The data obtained were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted regarding objectives of the study by applying statistical techniques of frequency, percentage, independent sample ttest, ANOVA, regression and Pearson correlation coefficients. On the basis of analysis, findings of the present study showed that prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among undergraduate students were high at the rate of 59.1%, 62.6%, and 46.0% respectively. Higher levels of psychological diseases not only affect students’ ability to perform well but also all aspects of their health. Results also showed that undergraduate students overall experienced severe levels of stress and moderate levels of anxiety and depression. For the perception of social support, it was concluded that undergraduates had moderate level of social support while more than half of the total sample reported low level of life satisfaction. It was recommended that university administration; educationists and health practitioners should immediately plan and implement such effective counseling services that help students in reducing and preventing the severity of psychological disorders in university life.