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Screening of microorganisms from garden soil for the presence of industrially important enzymes

Thesis Info

Author

Faiza Latif

Supervisor

Bushra Uzair

Department

Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

39

Subject

Bioinformatics & Biotechnology

Language

English

Other

BS 576.1757 FAS

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676721837232

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رام لعل

رام لعل
اردو دنیا میں اس وقت جناب رام لعل کا ماتم بپا ہے، وہ اردو کے اچھے اہل قلم اور ممتاز افسانہ نگار تھے، ان کا آبائی وطن مغربی پنجاب میں میانوی تھا، لاہور میں تعلیم ہوئی اور یہیں سے ان کی ادبی و تحریری زندگی کا آغاز ہوا۔ تقسیم ہند کے بعد ہندوستان آئے اور ریلوے میں ملازم ہوئے، کچھ عرصہ دہلی میں گزرا پھر لکھنؤ آئے اور اندرانگر میں مستقل بودوباش اختیار کرلی۔ وہ لکھنؤ کی ہر ادبی و تہذیبی سرگرمی کا جز ہوگئے تھے۔ افسانہ نگاری ان کا خاص میدان تھا، انہوں نے پاکستان اور بعض مغربی ملکوں کا سفر بھی کیا جن کے سفرنامے بھی لکھے۔ ’’زردپتوں کی بہار‘‘ اور ’’خواب خواب سفر‘‘ اردو کے مقبول سفرنامے سمجھے جاتے ہیں۔ رام لعل صاحب کو ادبی خدمات کے صلے میں قومی سطح کے متعدد اعزاز حاصل ہوئے۔ پاکستان سے ملنے والے ایوارڈ کی رقم پاکستانیوں کو نذر کردی۔ وہ قرطاس و قلم سے ہی سروکار نہیں رکھتے تھے بلکہ بڑے عملی شخص بھی تھے۔ ان ہی کی دعوت پر لکھنؤ میں غیرمسلم اردو مصنفین کی عظیم الشان کانفرنس ہوئی۔ کل ہند اردو رابطہ کمیٹی کا قیام ان کی جدوجہد کا نتیجہ تھا، جس کے وہی صدر تھے، اس کے لئے انہوں نے پروفیسر ملک زادہ منظور احمد کے ساتھ پورے صوبے کا دورہ کیا اور اردو کو دوسری زبان بنانے کی کامیاب مہم چلائی۔ اردو اکادمی اترپردیش کے وائس چیرمین اور فخرالدین علی احمد میموریل کمیٹی کے چیرمین بھی رہے، رام لعل جی اردو کی ہر مہم میں شریک رہتے اور اسے قوت پہنچاتے۔ اردو کے ایسے محسن کی موت اس کا بہت بڑا سانحہ ہے۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، نومبر ۱۹۹۶ء)

 

Constructive Ways for Dispute Resolution: Employing Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Techniques for The Reclamation of Justice

As the courts are not in a stance to hold up the entire load of the judicial system, multitudinous contentions impart themselves to settlement by alternative methods such as arbitration, conciliation, mediation, negotiation, etc. The Alternative dispute resolution processes not only lay out procedural pliability but also save valuable time & money and eschew the tensity of a conventional trial. Nearly all the discords involving civil, labour, commercial, and family strife, wherein the parties are capacitated to wind up a resolution, can be resolved by an alternative dispute resolution system. Alternate dispute resolution methods have also been evinced to operate in the business environment, principally in respect of disputation comprising intellectual property, securities, real estate, construction projects, joint ventures, partnership differences, personal injury, professional liability, product liability, contract interpretation and performance and insurance coverage. To dwindle the logjam of cases, there is a crucial need to organize and encourage alternate dispute resolution services for the settlement of both national and international conflicts. These services require to be nutrified on sound notions, prowess in their application and comprehensive and contemporary provisions. Although ADR has proven to be an efficacious mechanism as it has provided a congenial atmosphere, a less formal and less complicated forum for copious disputes, due to lack of awareness of its quiddity at the ground root level has abrupted its quantum leap. This paper aims to provide the gist of ADR concerning India by focusing on its purpose, advantages and disadvantages, (fruitful) modes of conflict resolution, highlighting the importance of Lok Adalat, significance and effectiveness of ADR in conflict resolution and ways to overcome the persisting deficiencies.

A Comparative Study on Risk Adjusted Determinants of Working Capital Management and its Practices Across Food and Manufacturing Sector of Saarc Countries

Working capital management plays a vital role for business growth and progress. The objective of present study is to analyze the risk adjusted determinants of working capital management (RADWCM) across selected South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation (SAARC) countries. This study further investigates the working capital management practices in manufacturing firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this study investigates the applications the RADWCM in different sectors of selected SAARC countries. The study used 17 years from 2000-2016 for manufacturing firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (Pakistan), Bombay Stock Exchange (India), Colombo Stock Exchange (Sri-Lanka) and Dhaka Stock Exchange (Bangladesh). Data was extracted from DataStream of 141 firms belonging to six manufacturing sectors of Pakistan, 109 firms belonging to four manufacturing sectors of Sri-Lanka, 261 firms belonging to eight manufacturing sectors of India, 32 firms belonging to three manufacturing sectors of Bangladesh and total sample cover the 543 manufacturing firms on the basis of 75% market capitalization. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach is used to analyze the results. This technique deals with the problem of heterogeneity. The RADWCM analysis is found divergence among countries and sectors over the study period. Present study found that market risk and operational risk of the firm are key part of risk adjusted determinants of working capital management in selected SAARC countries. It is found that current ratio is a basic ingredient of risk adjusted determinants of working capital management across selected SAARC countries. The study found that size, leverage, operating cash flow, sales growth, profitability, and gross working turnover ratio have strong relationships with determinants of working capital management in selected SAARC countries. The researcher concluded that the economic condition of the country has significant relationship with working capital management. To analyze the working capital practices across manufacturing sector of Pakistan through a questionnaire by using the leopard courier service, personal references and direct contact to relevant employees across the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. In this regard, it is found that most firms use informal working capital policy with firms making their budget ad-hoc basis. In this context, mostly firm’s owners have a conservative attitude towards managing working capital and they focus on keeping cash in a locker or happy to keep it in a financial institution. Most of the respondents reply that firms are not considering the loss the opportunity cost of working capital and they are not comfortable to invest the excess cash in market or expansion their own business. Respondents indicate that an inventory management system is better as compared to account receivable and payable management. Firms are not using any statistical tool or technique to manage their receivable management and payable management. Present study suggests that finance manager, accounts manager, inventory manager, and owner of the firms should consider the highlighted RADWCM while making working capital management decisions. The researcher recommends that to overcome the obstacle of working capital management, the managers and other relevant authorities should keep these factors in mind to maintain efficient working capital management. In this regard, firms can make an optimal level of working capital and enhance their value.