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Determinants of FDI:a comparative study between developing and developed countries

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Usman

Supervisor

Zaheer Abbas

Department

Department of Business Administration

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

62

Subject

Business Administration

Language

English

Other

MS 658.152 MUD

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722196800

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منظوم خراجِ تحسین

منظوم خراج تحسین
ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد ہیں فدائے مصطفی
از ازل تا بہ ابد ہیں یہ گدائے مصطفی

نعت کے شعبے میں ان کی اس قدر خدمات ہیں
عاشق سرکار ہیں! گویا نوائے نعت ہیں

ایک دن ہم نے سنی ان سے یہ پیاری سی نوید
ان سے وابستہ ہوئے ہیں حضرت شفقت فرید

دھیمی دھیمی سی مسلسل ان کی جو پرواز ہے
ان کے کاموں پر بھی اب کچھ کام کا آغاز ہے

’’ایم فل‘‘ ان پر ہوا ہے منفرداور کامیاب
کام یہ شفقت میاں نے کر دیا ہے لاجواب

ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کو مبارک ہو یہ کام
حضرت شفقت کو ہو اس کام پر میرا سلام

اوج پائے یہ مقالہ آپ کا شفقت فرید
ہے لب خاکی پہ اتنی سی دعا شفقت فرید
عزیزالدین خاکی

Analyse psychosociale de la littérature féminine en Mauritanie

Over the years, Mauritanian Moorish women have managed to have their own poetry, an oral literature known locally as "tebrāʕ" translated into French by the word "ingenuity", sometimes also "invention". It is a love poetry originally used by girls or by women in general to express feelings that social norms prevent them from manifesting publicly. Tebrāʕ is deeper than a mere female expression of passion, it is rather a social and psychological state of mind that empowers women and helps them break taboos virtually for a short period of time. This article is an analytical reading of Tebrāʕ and presents new models and ways of examining this oral literature. It tries also to answer several questions which can be summarized as follows: Can this form of poetry be considered as a female literature? The closed circle where these words are composed and pronounced, can it be considered a therapy session? And above all, what power do these women and girls derive from this practice? This article is also a study of the perception of men and women in Mauritania in relation to this oral art practice based

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Synthetic Wheat and Their Derivatives Targeted for Salt Tolerance

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6X=42, AABBDD) is the most widely cultivated and consumed food corp; regarded as a major conduit towards addressing the food security challenges of 2050. Over the recent years, salt stress (salinity) has emerged as one of the most significant abiotic stress impeding the expansion of wheat cultivation area and posing a threat to international food security. Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHW) produced from crossing tetraploid durum wheat Triticum turgidum (AABB, 2n=28) to Aegilops tauschii Coss. (DD, 2n=14) provides a unique opportunity for exploiting novel genetic variability for wheat improvement associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Here the focus was to comprehend the role of diverse Ae. tauschii accessions in SHWs derived from same durum/different Ae. tauschii accessions. While a major objective was to analyze the influence of D-genome on salinity tolerance in these SHWs and their derivatives on the basis of morpho-physiological, molecular and yield related traits against salt tolerance. In this study 136 wheat genotypes were used. Laboratory screening of the seedling salinity tolerance was studied at 0mM, 75mM and 150mM NaCl in Petri plates. After germination, seedling were harvested and data were recorded for shoot length, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root dry weight. Mean square values obtained from analysis of variance showed significant variation for all the recorded observation among wheat genotypes grown under different salt concentrations. Twenty-one genotypes performed best at seedling stage and showed salt tolerance on the basis of biomass production when exposed to 75mM and 150mM NaCl with stress tolerance index ranged from 70-100%. All genotypes were screened at vegetative and maturity stage in greenhouse under control (0mM NaCl) and salt stress (150mM) condition for various morphological, physiological and yield related traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that Genotype × treatment interaction expressed highly significant differences for all the observed traits. Multivariate principal component analysis reduced all the traits variables into six and five principle components accounted for 69.64% and 75.76% of contribution to total variation under control and salt stress condition respectively. Correlation analysis showed that sodium ions had strong negative correlation while potassium ions had strong positive correlation with all the recorded observations under salt stress condition. Based on salt tolerant indices of yield related traits i.e. grain per spike, thousand grain weight, grain yield per plant, biological yield and harvest index percentage 41 wheat genotypes were grouped as tolerant, 57 as moderately tolerant, 18 as moderately susceptible and 20 genotypes were grouped as susceptible under salt stress till physiological maturity stage. Forty-eight microsatellite or SSR markers that covered A, B and D genome of wheat were used to characterize the genetic diversity of all genotypes. A total of 208 polymorphic alleles with an average of 4.3 alleles per marker were detected. PIC value ranged from 0.336 to 0.867 with an average value of 0.591 showing considerable genetic diversity among wheat genotypes. Major allele frequency among genotypes ranged from 0.184 to 0.691 with mean value of 0.497. Population structure analysis divided all genotypes into four major subpopulations based on SSR diversity. Association mapping analysis based on 208K SNP sequencing of wheat genotypes identified 528 marker trait associations (MTAs) for various recorded observations under salt stress condition by mixed linear model approach (MLM) with phenotypic variability (R2) ranging from 11.25% to 30.76%. LOD value for various MTAs varied from 3 to 5.68 based on sequencing results. These MTAs covered all the A, B and D- genomes of synthetic wheat and where contribution of the D-genome toward salt stress was shown by 181 MTAs. These MTAs could be utilized in functional characterization of salt related regions and marker assisted selection for better grain yield and grain quality of wheat breeding program in general and of salt tolerance in particular. The overall results indicated that salt stress induces enhanced expressivity of the D-genome and that SHWs is a valuable source of diverse alleles for wide-ranging adaptability and to improve salt stress potential in natural hexaploid wheat.