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Home > Remodling of a Public Primary School Building in Islamabad; Securing Conducive Environment for Children

Remodling of a Public Primary School Building in Islamabad; Securing Conducive Environment for Children

Thesis Info

Author

Saima Iqbal

Supervisor

Nomana Anjum

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

107 .

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710354068

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الفصل الثاني: دواوينها

الفصل الثاني: دواوينها

المبحث الأول: "خوشبو" ( الرائحة العطرة )

 (خوشبو) الرائحۃ العطرۃ، ھذہِ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ الأولی لبروین شاکر وقد ظھرت ھذہ المجموعۃ بین الناس في 1977، تعرف الناس علی الشاعرۃ وأعمالھا الشعریۃ قبل ھذہ المجموعۃ، ولکن بما أن في (خوشبو) إحساسات الحب والحبیب والرائحۃ العطرۃ والشباب، والعشق والمعشوق لھذا أعطت لھا أھمیۃ کبیرۃ في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ والفن الشعري وقد أحبھا الجمھور الجدید واھتم بھا الکثیر من أدباء االأردية في لعصر الحدیث سواء في داخل باکستان أوخارجھا، وقد مدح الكثيرون ھذہ المجموعۃ الشعریۃ من أدباء العصر الحدیث أمثال

 1۔ أحمد ندیم قاسمي

2۔ فھمیدۃ ریاض۔

3۔ محسن احسان

4۔ منیر نیازی۔

5۔ الدکتور نظیر صدیقی۔

6۔ سردار جعفري وغیرہ من أصحاب الفکر والفن في الأدب الأردو۔

 وقیل عن الشاعرۃ بروین بأن مجموعتھا ھذہ عبارۃ عن احساسات العشق الحقیقی، وجمال الحب الحقیقي، وتوضح علاقات الحبیبين وعواطفھما ومشاعرھما، وشعرها ذو نفس ورائحۃ عطرۃ يعطي صورۃ صادقۃ عن الحب والعواطف والبراء ۃ والتعبیر المخلص عن القلب الصادق وأعطت ھذہ المجموعۃ أھمیۃ أدبیۃ وشعریۃ للنساء والأدیبات والشاعرات في العصر الحدیث۔ وأعطت صورۃ واضحۃ عن الخیال الحقیقي، ونعومۃ المرأۃ ورّقۃ أحاسیسھا، وبُرودۃ ظلھا وحرارۃ حبّھا وحرقۃ شغفھا وشوقھا ولھفتھا لحبیبھا. وأثرت ھذہِ المجموعۃ في أحاسیس ومشاعر الرجل العاطفیۃ تأثیراً منفرداً مليئاً بحرقۃ الحب وحرارۃ اللقاء۔ وقد أدخلت الإستعارات والتشبیھات القریبۃ من الطبیعۃ۔ مثل ، الشمس، القمر، الضوء، السحاب ، الماء والھواء والأزھار وما إلی ذلك۔

A Comparative Research Between Conventional and Islamic Bank System of Pakistan: Liquidity Risk Management

The function of the bank is differentiated into budgetary middle people, facilitator and supporters. Hence, the banks keep themselves as confided body to their trade and business partners. Assets hazard could emerge and to be seen out of such diverse tasks since they are entirely on stake in terms of accessibility. When assets are set out by the non-members supplementary actions are necessary to be taken by the Islamic banks in order to balance assets and liquidity with sharia standards. The purpose of this exploration is to find the liquidity risk associated to the dissolvability of finance based foundation in order to evaluate assets risk management via parallel evaluation between Islamic and other Pakistani banks. This paper inspects the significance of the magnitude of the bank, networking capital margin on equity, finical sufficiency plus return on Resources and Assets (RoA), along assets stake organization in conventional plus Islamic banks of the Pakistan. The investigation relays on auxiliary knowledge that is over the period of four years. For instance, during 2017-2018, the investigation explored positive, hence, less significant relationship of magnitude of the firm plus networking cash surge to net assets along with liquidity vulnerability in similar models. Moreover, financial competence share in other banks plus margin of assets in Islamic banks is found encouraging and prominent at ten percent 10% gradation equivalent.

Nutritional Assessment of Some Neglected and Underutilized Vegetables Wildly Grown in Sindh

comparison of nutritional value of nontraditional with commercial vegetables in Sindh. The questionnaire survey methodology was used to collect the data on the utilization and consumption of nontraditional and commercial vegetables in Mirpurkhas of Sindh province, Pakistan in 2014. On the basis of survey spinach, horse radish tree flowers, lambs quarter and gram leaves were collected in January, 2014 whereas, amaranthus was collected in the months of July-August, 2014 from district Mirpurkhas, packed with proper labelling and brought to the Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam for processing and nutritional analysis. The edible parts of vegetables were washed and divided into five sets namely control, boiled, cooked, thermally dehydrated and shade dried. The data of survey showed that gram leaves was the most popular nontraditional vegetable eaten frequent or occasionally by 82% respondents only 18% respondents never tasted or do not know this vegetable. Next vegetables which majority of respondent never tasted or did not know included amaranthus and lambs quarter. About 62% respondents never tasted or do not know horse radish tree flowers as vegetable while 38% respondents answered they eat occasionally. The nontraditional (lambs quarter, horse radish tree flowers, gram leaves, amaranthus) and commercial (spinach) vegetables were analyzed for their nutritive, mineral, vitamin, phytochemical and chlorophyll composition. The highest moisture content (92.66%) was found in spinach under boiled method followed by 88.760% moisture content in the same vegetable at fresh (control). Maximum ash content (16.15%) in horse radish tree flowers followed by 10.56% ash content in amaranthus under thermally dehydration. Protein content was found greater (7.56%) in gram leaves under thermal dehydration method. However, minimum protein of 1.04% was found in spinach under boiling method. The maximum value of 3.85% in horse radish tree flowers under cooking method while minimum fat content i.e. 0.85 and 0.75% was found in spinach and lambs quarter, respectively at boiling method. The highest value (13.35%) of fiber was obtained in thermally dried sample of horse radish tree flowers whereas the lowest value was recorded in boiled sample of spinach. However, higher carbohydrate (68.62%) content was found in lambs quarter at shade drying. The nontraditional vegetables also contain organic acids (e.g. lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid) in all the selected vegetables. The nontraditional and commercial vegetables were also recorded with significant amount of vitamins and phytochemicals. The energy value was found lowest in fresh spinach (38.35 Kcal 100g-1) hence was also detected lowered in other processing methods as compared to nontraditional vegetables. The results of the sensory evaluation of the uncooked and cooked samples in present study revealed that in uncooked samples, horse radish tree flowers obtained highest scores in appearance, color, odor, texture, taste, overall acceptability and purchase i.e. 4.90, 4.70, 4.00, 3.90, 3.50, 3.80 and 3.80. While in traditionally cooked samples lambs quarter and gram leaves retained original color and thus obtained the highest scores in appearance and taste i.e. 3.70, 3.90 and 3.70, 3.50, respectively. Acceptability study by hedonic scoring showed that nontraditional vegetables (horse radish tree flowers, lambs quarter, and gram leaves and amaranthus) made by traditional cooking were most acceptable as compared with commercial vegetable (spinach). These nontraditional vegetables when consumed in cooked form could also be a good source of nutrients. Principal component analysis revealed that the first seven principal components explained about 94.79% of the total variability in the observed parameters. Moisture, total solid, ash, fiber, carbohydrate, nitrogen free extract, energy value, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, calcium, sodium and potassium resulted the most effective variables for the first principal component. Saponins, flavinoids, phenol and vitamin B3 were major contributors to second principal component, while tannins content was useful to define the third principal component. It was concluded that the nutrient and bioactive contents obtained from selected vegetables seem to suggest that the vegetables have high potential to contribute to the nutritional and health status of local as well as urban communities in Sindh Pakistan. Their use in the communities should therefore, be promoted. Taking into account the amount of nutrient and bioactive content in the selected nontraditional vegetable, these plants could be valuable and important contributor to the diets of the people in Sindh, Pakistan.