دورہ فرانس
بھٹو صاحب فرانس کے دورے پر گئے تو صد ر اسکارڈ اسٹینگ نے پیرس کے مضافات میں اپنے فارم ہائوس پر ان کے اعزاز میں ایک پرائیویٹ عشائیہ کا انتظام کیا جس میں دونوں سر براہوںکے خاندانوں سمیت چند دوسرے قریبی احباب شریک تھے ۔یہ ورکنگ ڈنر کے بجاء ایک فیملی گیٹ ٹو گیدر جس کا مقصد تفریخ اور خاندانوں کے درمیان روابط پیدا کرنا تھا ۔کھانے کے بعد اسٹینگ اور بھٹو فارم ہائوس پر چہل قدمی کے لیے نکلے تو راستے میں جگہ جگہ بتیاں روشن دیکھ کر بھٹو صاحب نے کہا’’جناب صدر آپ کے ملک میں بجلی وافر مقدار میں پیدا ہو تی ہے ‘‘مضافات میں بھی روشنی ہے ۔اسٹینگ نے کہا ’’ہم پن بجلی کے ساتھ ساتھ ایٹمی بجلی بھی پیدا کر رہے ہیں ۔بجلی وافرہے لیکن ابھی تک ان مضافات میں بجلی نہیں پہنچا سکے ۔یہاں ایک جنریٹر کی مدد سے بجلی پیدا کی جاتی ہے ۔ان دنوں جنریٹر عام نہیں تھے ۔بھٹو صاحب نے دیکھنے کا اشتیاق ظہار کیا ۔صدر انہیں لے کر جنریٹر روم میں چلے گئے جو اتفاق سے قریب ہی بنا ہوا تھا ۔بھٹو صاحب نے جنریٹر کو بڑی دلچسپی سے دیکھا نیز اس کی کارگردی اور انجن کے بارے میں سوالات پوچھے جو آپریٹر نے انہیں بریف کیا ۔اس مشین میں بھٹو صاحب کی دلچسپی کو دیکھتے ہوئے اسٹینگ نے کہا ’’جناب ایسا ہی ایک جنریٹر آپ کے ساتھ پاکستان جائے گا جو میری فیملی کی طرف سے آپ کی فیملی کے لیے ایک چھوٹا سا تحفہ ہے ۔
بھٹو مسکرائے اور گرمجوشی سے شکریہ ادا کیا اور دھیرے سے بولے ۔’’جناب صدر میں ایک غریب ملک کا وزیر اعظم ہوں ۔میرے ملک میں بجلی کی بہت کمی ہے ۔بجلی نہ ہو نے کی وجہ سے انڈسٹری نہ ہو نے...
In this paper, the question of the participation of the resident Muslim in the foreign countries in politics and its rulings and the statement of some issues that are presented to the Muslim, such as: to elect, run or participate in political parties and other issues related to this topic. And also, tried to study the views of the scholars, and presented them and their attitudes, evidence in them, compared with them. The modern world has witnessed phenomena, which is not hidden to every sane person, which was, the Muslim participation in the political activities in the non-Muslim countries. The importance of this research paper is clear because it reveals the meaning of the political concept in the Holy Quran and prophetic tradition, which made the researcher in the attempt to legalize the matter in this regard and to summarize the statements of ancient and contemporary scholars based on their arguments and evidences. The study concluded That the participation in politics activities non-Muslims societies does not fall within the scope of the doctrine originally, since no one doubts in the doctrine of Muslims that it is not permissible to resort to the tyrant and not to judge except with Allah almighty revealed rules and regulations, and when this doctrine disappears or enter doubt of any act of apostasy and disbelief, which is not satisfied by any sound Muslim at this very moment that falls into haram category. At the end conclusion is drawn from variant views of the scholars, and the main findings and recommendations have been given.
This research was done to recognize plant parasitic nematode related to walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Hazara Division, KP, Pakistan. Phytonematodes are of great concern as they are potential pest of plants including crops and trees. Their infestation resulted in yield loss and poor plant growth. Symptoms included stunted growth, yellowing of foliage, early flowering, excessive branching, root lesions and root galls, root tip death and root knots which resulted in adverse effects on the plant. The identified nematode species included Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus digonicus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Helicotylenchus canadensis, Helicotylenchus larvae, Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus sp., Tylenchus filiformis, Tylenchus ritae, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Trichodorus sp., Meloidogyne larvae, Basiria bajorensis, Basiria kashmirensis and Basiria graminophila from Mansehra and Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Tylenchus sp., Psilenchus hilarulus and Meloidogyne incognita from Abbottabad. Among identified nematodes Meloidogyne larvae (root-knot nematode), Pratylenchus vulnus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans (root-lesion nematodes) and Trichodorus sp. (Stubby root nematode) were of major concern. Management of phytonematodes is of great importance. In this study inorganic (Carbofuran) and organic (poultry manure, cow dung, horse manure, pigeon manure, castor oil cakes, duck manure, Saw dust) were used for the management and it was found that all amendments were effective against parasitic phytonematodes associated with walnut trees. Organic amendments were effective in the sequence like castor oil > poultry manure > cow dung > pigeon manure > horse manure > duck manure > saw dust. As organic amendments are eco-friendly and easily available therefore, their use is more recommendable as compared to chemical nematicides. Histopathology of the infected walnut roots by Meloidogyne sp. showed that roots were damaged due to nematode activity to a greater extend. Cortex and vascular tissues were completely destroyed. It was observed that feeding sites were induced along with giant cells with egg masses by the second stage juveniles. Cells with multinuclei and densed cytoplasm were observed. Necrosis of the root along with hypertrophy was also seen.