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An investigation of toxic metals and antibiotic residues from the aquatic ecosystem of River Chenab Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Nida Hanif

Supervisor

Syeda Maria Ali

Department

Department of Environmental Sciences

Program

MS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

90

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Other

MS 577 NII

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722500682

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سر فضل حسین

سر فضل حسین
سر فضل حسین کا ماتم ملک کے گوشہ گوشہ میں برپا ہے، مرحوم کے سیاسی مسلک سے کسی کو کتنا ہی اختلاف ہو، مگر ان کی قابلیت، تدبر، بے خوفی، دلیری، ہردلعزیزی اور قومی بہی خواہی سے شاید ہی کسی کو اختلاف ہو، وہ ان حکومت پسندوں میں نہ تھے جو اپنی شخصی ترقی کو صرف اپنی خاندانی ترقی کا زینہ بناتے ہیں، بلکہ ان میں جو حکومت کا ساتھ دے کر اپنی سمجھ کے مطابق قوم و ملک کی بھلائی کرتے ہیں، مرحوم کا سب سے بڑا کمال یہ تھا کہ وہ جس محفل میں ہوتے تھے اس پر چھا جاتے تھے، وہ فطری لیڈر تھے اور دوسرے ان کے ساتھ چلنے پر مجبور تھے، وائسرائے کی کونسل کے ممبر ہوکر گویا یہ کہنا چاہئے وہ صرف ممبر نہیں رہے تھے، بلکہ اپنی دانائی، عزم، حسن تدبیر اور دلائل کی قوت کی بناء پر پوری کونسل کی عنانِ سیاست کے تنہا مالک تھے۔
مرحوم مرض دق کے بیمار تھے، پھر مجلسِ حکومت کی رکنیت سے علیحدہ ہوکر انہوں نے آرام نہیں کیا، بلکہ سیاسیات پنجاب کی الجھی ہوئی گتھی کو اپنی شبانہ روز کی محنت سے سلجھانے میں مصروف ہوگئے اور یہ ان کا کمال سمجھنا چاہئے کہ وہ ہندوؤں اور مسلمانوں کی ایک متحدہ سیاسی پارٹی بنانے میں کامیاب ہوگئے اور خود اعتمادی یہ تھی کہ ہر مخالف کوشش کو بے حقیقت سمجھ کر اپنے کام میں بے خوف لگے رہے، گوہم کو یہ معلوم ہے کہ اس متحدہ پارٹی کی پراگندہ اوراقِ کتاب کا شیرازہ کس نے باندھا، تاہم مرحوم کی مہارت فن کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ خود شیرازہ بند کو بھی یہی محسوس ہوتا تھا کہ ان منتشر اوراق کا شیرازہ خود ان کی ذات ہے، پروردگار عالم ان پر رحمت فرمائے اور اپنے فضل و کرم سے...

A Critical Examination of Joseph Kenny’s Views on the Origin, Miracle and Veracity of the Qur’an

Christian missionary scholarship on Islam and the Qur’an in Nigeria dates back to the advent of Christianity in the country. The reason was that Islam had become well established and indigenized in most parts of northern Nigeria and south Western Nigeria, and the Qur’an provides Muslims with information on Christianity and its doctrines. Thus, Islam became a serious obstacle to their endeavour. The early 20th century Christian Missionaries therefore, held that they could only get to the Muslims through the learning and research on the Qur’an.  This spurred them to produce works on the Qur’an. Joseph Kenny was a Christian Missionary who was sent to Nigeria in 1964 through the directive of the Holy See, to assist the Catholic Church in reaching the Muslims in Nigeria. He underwent trainings in the fields of Arabic and Islamic Studies, and was able to produce more than 170 works on different areas of Islamic Studies.  This paper critically examines some of his views on the Qur’an, as compared to the views of other Christian missionary scholars of Qur’an and thus elaborates on the misrepresentations contained in them.

Characterization and Efficacy of Different Aflatoxin Detoxifying Agents

For numerous decades poultry production has increased to meet the intensified meat demand, although, changes in production practices had significant effect on the progression of health challenges. Consequently, as the production was intensified, there was increase in animal health risk, some of the utmost important health challenges are related to feed quality. The growth of filamentous fungi, aside from its deterioration, notorious because of mycotoxin production, among them aflatoxins are drastically toxic that induces significant economic losses in poultry industry, such as decreased productivity and damages on poultry’s carcass. This research study was focused to explore the detoxifying potential of natural reservoirs for aflatoxin B1. By keeping an eye on diverse potentiating naturally occurring reservoirs, O. corniculata, L. edodes, C. pyrenoidosa, C. tetraglobana and sodium bentonite were selected to use them as detoxifier against aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. The phytochemical investigation for O. corniculata for its phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and phlobotannins while anthraquinones were absent. Carbohydrates were present in high concentration in C. tetraglobana, while, L. edodes was found to be rich source of fiber as compared to other selected samples determined by proximate analysis. Numerous techniques were used for characterization each having unique feature like XRD, SEM, TGA, FTIR and LIBS. Experimental aflatoxin production was carried out through fermentation on basmati rice and analyzed by using HPLC. In vivo, aflatoxicosis induction in broiler chicks AFB1 (350 ppb) in basal diet. A 35 days experiment was carried out in which broiler chickens were consuming two levels of L. edodes, C. tetraglobana, O. corniculata, C. pyrenoidosa, and sodium bentonite both with and without dietary aflatoxin. In this study, at weekly intervals, the data were collected and compared as traditional measures of aflatoxicosis (growth rate, feed consumption, FCR). The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with LE (10%), CT (1%) and CP (500 mg) provided protection against negative effects on growth performance, serum traits, antioxidant status, liver and renal damage induced by AFB1. The current research study explored the selected naturally occurring aflatoxin detoxifiers in a very comprehensive and presented another approach of their biological aspects. These results may be used as foundation or prime study for the production of mycotoxin detoxifiers with least side effects, which not only detoxify the counteracting toxin but also improve nutritional index of broiler diet. Further detailed trials are recommended including animal model and cell lines.