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Evaluation of antimicrobila activity of medicinal plants against biofilm producing clinical pathogens

Thesis Info

Author

Maryam Nisar

Supervisor

Bushra Uzair

Department

Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology

Program

BS

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

iv, 50

Subject

Bioinformatics & Biotechnology

Language

English

Other

BS 581.634 MAE

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676722593223

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منشی محمد حنیف

منشی محمد حنیف 
بمبئی کے خطوط سے منشی محمد حنیف صاحب کے انتقال کی خبر معلوم کرکے بڑا صدمہ ہوا، ان کی جوانی مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائمیر کی خدمت میں گزری، پھر بمبئی گئے، اﷲ نے کاروبار میں بڑی برکت دی۔ ہر طرح کی فارغ البالی کے باوجود نہ دین سے شغف میں کمی آئی اور نہ مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی محبت میں فرق آیا۔ اس کی ترقی و فلاح کے لیے برابر فکرمند رہتے۔ دارالمصنفین سے بھی خاص لگاؤ تھا، اس کے لائف ممبر تھے، مولانا شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی اور سید صباح الدین عبدالرحمن صاحب سے بڑے مخلصانہ روابط تھے، ان حضرات کی بمبئی اور اپنے گاؤں آندھی پور میں پر تکلف دعوتیں کرتے، مجھ پر بھی بڑی شفقت فرماتے۔ اب ایسے شریف، بامروت، وضع دار اور مخلص لوگ نایاب ہوتے جارہے ہیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ غریقِ رحمت کرے اور متعلقین و اعزہ کا غم زائل کرے!! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۸ء)

Detection of Metalo-Beta-Lactamase Gene in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Lahore, Pakistan Detection of Metalo-Beta-Lactamase Gene in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human and associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR)Objective: The present study was carried out to observe current antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistantPseudomonas aeruginosaMethods: By screening 360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques such as microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drug resistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to identify the carbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistant pattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime(58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime (57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem (30.5%) Meropenem(31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28 isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highly sensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP gene was present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), amongcarbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detectedin 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number might be higherConclusions: PCRbased test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quick detection of the resistancecausing genes.

Price Rigidity in Pakistan: Evidence from Disaggregated Cpi Data

There is constant debate between Classical and Keynesian on the issue of the flexibility of wages and prices. Classical economists assume flexible wages and prices and Keysian argue for rigid wages and prices. According to Keynesian macroeconomic models, effectiveness of the policy is mainly due to rigid prices. The effectiveness of monetary policy depends on the nature of price adjustment. In Pakistan there is no precise study available on the topic of price rigidity. Within this context, this thesis sets six objectives using the data of disaggregated consumer price index for the period of July 1991 to March 2016. First objective is to explore the price rigidity in Pakistan by using Frequency and Duration of price change. Second objective is to find out the size of last price change. Third objective is to determine the price setting strategy and its determinants for Pakistan by using the Panel Logit Random Effect Model. Fourth and Fifth objectives are to investigate the exchange rate and oil price pass-through using the recursive VAR approach. Sixth objective of the thesis is to check the exchange rate and oil price pass-through asymmetric behavior to disaggregated CPI inflation. The study concludes that prices are flexible but not fully flexible in Pakistan. Prices are more flexible in food items and rigidity is found in communication, education, and health sectors. Hotel, Food and Transport are high inflation category products and Communication, Health, Recreation & Culture are low inflation category groups. Keynes theory verifies that prices are downward rigid and upward flexible for Pakistan. In Pakistan combination of time-dependent and state-dependent policy is used for price setting. Exchange rate and oil pass-through have moderate effect on CPI inflation in Pakistan but their effect remains for twelve months. Exchange rate pass-through is low in flexible exchange rate regime as compared to managed floating exchange rate. Oil price pass-through is more pronounced in volatile period as compared to less volatile period. Domestic oil price pass-through is higher as compare to international oil prices as well as converted international oil prices to CPI inflation. Exchange rate and oil prices have asymmetric pass-through to CPI inflation. Prices in Pakistan are more flexible so State Bank of Pakistan should try to search other transmission mechanisms through which monetary policy can have real effects in the Pakistan economy.