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Study of Effects of Hearing Impairment on Childs Social Development

Thesis Info

Author

Hamid Hussain Naqvi

Supervisor

Mahmood Hussain Awan

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

83.;

Subject

Education

Language

English

Other

Call No: 371.912 HAS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676710477037

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پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو

آہ! لعلِ شب چراغِ ہند
[پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو]
افسوس ہے آخر وہی ہواجس کاچند مہینوں سے کھٹکا لگاہوا تھا،یعنی ۲۷؍ مئی کو ہمارے ملک کے محبوب وزیر اعظم پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو ۷۴ بر س کی عمر میں اِس دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے اور پورے ملک کوماتم کدہ بناگئے۔ دنیا میں عام طور پربڑے آدمی دوقسم کے ہوتے ہیں، ایک وہ جو دماغ اورذہن کے اعلیٰ کمالات و اوصاف کے حامل ہوں اور دوسرے وہ جو قلب ونظر کے پاک اوراُن کی خوبیوں اور اچھائیوں کے جامع ہوں، ایسے لوگ بہت کم ہوتے ہیں جواِن دونوں قسم کے کمالات سے سرفراز ہوں۔ پنڈت جی کسی تیسری قسم کے بڑے لوگوں میں سے تھے، اُن کی زندگی سب لوگوں اورخصوصاً نوجوانوں کے لیے سرتاپا درس عبرت تھی۔ وہ ایسے گھرانہ میں پیدا ہوئے جہاں خدا کادیا کیا کچھ نہیں تھا،بالکل عنفوانِ شباب میں جب وہ انگلینڈ سے اپنی اعلیٰ تعلیم ختم کرکے وطن واپس آئے توحسن و شباب ،اعلیٰ تعلیم،بے پناہ دولت وثروت ،اعلیٰ خاندان اور وجاہت غرض کہ مادی اسبابِ عیش وتنعم میں سے ایسی کون سی چیز تھی جواُن کے پاس بافراط موجود نہ ہو، اوراس لیے زمانہ کے عام مذاق کے مطابق ان کے لیے بہت آسان تھا کہ ’’بابر بعیش کوش کہ عالم دوبارہ نیست‘‘ کے فلسفہ پرعمل پیراہوتے اور اپنی زندگی کوخیّام کی خیالی جنت کے مادی پیکر میں گزار دیتے ۔لیکن ۱۹۱۶ء میں جب پہلی مرتبہ ان کی ملاقات مہاتما گاندھی سے ہوئی تو اس پیرِدانا کی پہلی نگاہ نے اِس نوجوان کی آرزؤوں اورتمناؤوں کی دنیا میں ایک انقلابِ عظیم پیداکردیا اوراس نوجوان نے اُسی وقت پھولوں کی سیج اور شبستانِ عیش کے بجائے اپنے لیے خار زار آلام و مصائب اور قید ومحن کی راہ کاانتخاب کرلیا،اوراپنا سب کچھ اس کے لیے قربان کردیا۔اُس زمانہ میں پنڈت جی یاکسی...

Role and Function of Eethylene Response Factor in Different Plants under Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

These stresses effect crop production and quality, thus result is in economic lose and food insecurity. Many factors play vital role in regulating growth of plants along with developmental pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcription factors are proteins that control physiological, developmental and stress responses in plants. Ethylene response factors belong to the biggest family of transcription factors, known to participate in various stress tolerance like drought, heat, salt and cold. They are significant regulators of plant gene expression. The objective of this review is to present how ethylene response factor family proteins became the focus of stress tolerance as well as the development and growth of plants.

Decorative Elements of the Faisal Mosque, Islamabad

The Faisal Mosque, considered by many critics to be the most successful modern mosque found in the Islamic countries, had never been the subject of a rigorous monograph. This dissertation seeks to fill this gap. The mosque is unique in its structural design and surface decorations. The dissertation gives a comprehensive study of the structural forms and the decorative elements. The material in the front four chapters is presented in the order of a walking tour of the mosque. In first chapter external features of the mosque and its setting against the Margala Hills are discussed. In the second chapter a tour of the mosque is began and the plan, entrances, and multiple levels are explained. In third chapter the tour is continued, and we enter in the sanctuary to discuss the internal features of the sanctuary and their symbolism. In fourth chapter decorative elements of the mosque such as mih*rāb, minbar, mu’adhdhin pew, marble fountain kursī and thirty volumes of the sanctuary are explained. In fifth chapter we present an analysis of the calligraphic styles used in the mosque noting the several instances of “compute” Kūfic and cursive scripts. In sixth chapter we talk about life history of Vedat Dalokay, its prize winning national and international projects, and influences of the Faisal Mosque on later built mosques of Punjab, Pakistan. Traditional decorative techniques such as mosaic work, metal engraving, marble carving, lattice work, tarkashi and variations of the traditional ones like tile decoration, inlay work and intarsia as used in this mosque are unusual in Pakistan. The techniques are discussed with special reference to the Faisal Mosque along with knowledge of their historical applications in mosques throughout the Islamic world. The rich selection of geometric designs in the mosque is described. In some cases, as in the book form of the mih*rāb, we have pointed out similar shape; shapes – in the chevron-tiles on the walls and metal chevron ornaments on doors – that shows unity of design and a symbolism of the Qur’ān itself. The mosque is an amalgam of different influences, which is combined through polygonal geometry. Ancient Egyptian, Greco-Roman, Arabian, Turkish, Iranian, Indian Sultanate and Mughal influences are pointed out. Architect of the mosque deserve appreciation to create a master piece in the field of architectural and surface decoration. After its construction several mosques of Punjab, Pakistan copied elements of its structure. Data was assembled from both primary and secondary sources. Interviews with the civil engineer of the Faisal Mosque Ahmad Rafiq, and several other architects as well as meetings with experts, artisans and concerned persons were part of the research. Published information on the Faisal Mosque was gathered from libraries located in Lahore and Islamabad and various web sites. Comparisons were made with forms used throughout Islamic world from the eight century to present. Late twentieth century mosques in Lahore and Islamabad were visited to see if the Faisal Mosque had influenced their form and decoration. The study required extensive new photographs, drawings and ground plans. Pictures and drawings are by the author unle