مرزا سلطان احمد
افسوس ہے کہ اعظم گڑھ کی ممتاز مقبول شخصیت مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب رٹائر ممبر بورڈ آف ریونیو نے طویل علالت کے بعد گزشتہ ۱۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا وہ پرانے علیگ اور اپنے زمانہ کے لائق ترین عہدہ داروں میں تھے، اپنی قابلیت سے ڈپٹی کلکٹری سے کلکٹری اور بورڈ کی ممبری تک ترقی کی اور جہاں رہے اپنی دیانتداری اور شرافت سے مقبول و نیک نام رہے، بڑے عہدہ داروں میں ایسے شریف اور خلیق انسان کم دیکھنے میں آئے ہیں، ان کا خمیر ہی اخلاق و شرافت سے گوندھا گیا تھا، ادنی و اعلیٰ ہر شخص کے ساتھ ان کا اخلاق یکساں تھا، ہر ملنے والے کے ساتھ کوئی نہ کوئی ایسی خصوصیت ضرور برتتے تھے جس سے اس کو یہ محسوس ہوتا کہ وہ اس کے ساتھ خاص تعلق رکھتے ہیں۔
بڑے وضعدار، فیاض اور مہمان نواز تھے جس سے جس قسم کے تعلقات تھے، اس کو عمر بھر نباہا، ملازمت کے زمانہ میں ان کا دستر خوان بڑا وسیع اور گھر مستقل مہمان خانہ تھا، ان کے اعزہ و احباب میں سے کوئی نہ کوئی ان کے یہاں مستقل مقیم رہتا تھا اور جس کو ضرورت ہوتی اس کی نقدی سے بھی مدد کرتے تھے، ہر حاجت مند کی مدد کے لیے ہر وقت تیار رہتے تھے اور اس کے لیے ایسے کام کر گزرتے تھے جس کی ہمت ہر شخص نہیں کرسکتا، وہ بڑے تنخواہ دار تھے لیکن جو کچھ کمایا سب صرف کردیا، اعظم گڑھ میں دو ہی ایسے شخص تھے جنھوں نے بہت پیدا کیا، مگر اپنے بعد کچھ نہیں چھوڑا، ایک مرزا صاحب، دوسرے اقبال سہیل مرحوم ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ان کے سامنے پبلک سروس کمیشن کی ممبری پیش کی، مگر انھوں نے وطن چھوڑنا پسند نہ کیا اور اعظم...
This research aims to find out whether gender diversity, audit committees, institutional ownership, and employee pressure has a significant effect on the sustainability report. This research method is a quantitative research by taking samples using a purposive sampling technique based on predetermined characteristics of 20 companies listed in the LQ-45 index for 2019-2022. The type of data used is secondary data and the method of analysis used is panel data regression using Eviews. The results of the study show that the calculation of the hypothesis, namely gender diversity, has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.5341> 0.05. The audit committee has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.6224>0.05. Institutional ownership has no significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.1466>0.05. Employee pressure has a positive and significant effect on the sustainability report with a significant level of 0.0105<0.05. For simultaneous testing, an F count of 3.812784 is obtained with a probability of 0.000022 <0.05, meaning that gender diversity, audit committee, institutional ownership, and employee pressure simultaneously influence the sustainability report.
Bovine Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease primarily of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). There was limited information available about this disease in the country and there was need to have an understanding about the magnitude and pathology of disease under local conditions. The study was planned to measure the Paratuberculosis prevalence in cattle and buffaloes at twelve government livestock farms , two cattle/buffalo colonies and the slaughterhouse of Faisalabad. A total of 2181 animals from twelve livestock farms, 265 cattle and buffaloes from two cattle/buffalo colonies and 200 consecutive cattle and 200 consecutive buffaloes from the slaughterhouse of Faisalabad, were included in this study. Tuberculin testing was performed on all the animals (cattle and buffaloes) above two years of age present at farms and colonies. Blood and faecal samples were gathered from tuberculin positive (reactor) animals. These samples were further processed by ELISA, ZN microscopy and PCR. Morbid tissue samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes slaughtered at slaughterhouse for histopathology and isolation of the organism. PCR test was used for further confirmation of Mycobacterium from farms, colonies and slaughterhouse also. The data collected from the study was analyzed by using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. The study showed that the prevalence of Paratuberculosis at government livestock farms was 3.8% on the basis of tuberculin + ELISA test, while in case of two cattle/buffalo colonies it varied from 3.4-14.66%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis in both cattle and buffaloes at twelve livestock revealed that specie, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants and total buffaloes showed significant association with occurrence of Paratuberculosis while, the bivariate logistic regression analysis in cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age and number of the total cattle showed significant association with occurrence of Paratuberculosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that herd, age and lactation number showed significant association with the occurrence of Paratuberculosis, while the bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that herd showed significant association with occurrence of Paratuberculosis. The slaughter house of Faisalabad was also included in the study. Out of total 200cattle and 200 buffaloes, suspected morbid samples of intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes from 25 cattle and 20 buffaloes were collected. These samples were further processed for histopathology and PCR. The main microscopic lesions observed in intestine were the diffuse inflammatory reaction with mononuclear cell infiltration and degenerative and necrotic changes in sub-mucosal glands along with the formation of immature granulomas. Relationship between Zn and PCR showed that 50% animals were found positive by both ZN and PCR. To compare the results of ELISA and PPD, an experiment was carried out on total 140 adult animals at Livestock Experimental Station University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. This revealed that ELISA showed more positive results than tuberculin testing. The study concluded that that tuberculin testing, ELISA, ZN staining and PCR are efficient diagnostic tools to diagnose the disease and use of combination of different tests improves the efficiency and confirmation of the disease.