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The importantce of Gawadar deep sea port and its socio-economics imapcts on District Gwadar

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Razzaq

Supervisor

Muhammad Baber Akram

Department

Department of Sociology

Program

MSc

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 81

Subject

Sociology

Language

English

Other

MA/MSC 306 ABI

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676723681177

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ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین

ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین ؍ ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں
گزشتہ مہینہ میں ڈاکٹر اعجاز حسین سابق صدر شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کا انتقال حرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے مظفرپور میں ہوگیا، جہاں وہ ممتحن بن کر گئے ہوئے تھے، ان کی میت الہ آباد لائی گئی، اپنی ملازمت سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد بھی لکھنے پڑھنے کا شغل جاری رکھا تھا، اہم اور مفید کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، جن میں مختصر تاریخ ادب اردو اور نئے ادبی رجحانات وغیرہ زیادہ مقبول ہوئیں، اپنے شاگردوں میں بہت مقبول رہے، ان کی وفات سے اردو ادب ایک بہت ہی لائق مصنف اور خدمت گزار سے محروم ہوگیا، ان سے کچھ ہی روز پہلے ڈاکٹر مسیح الزماں ریڈیو شعبہ اردو الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کی بھی وفات اچانک ہوگئی، اردو کی مرثیہ نگاری ان کا خاص موضوع تھا، ان کی عمر وفا کرتی تو اس صنف میں ان کا ادبی کارنامہ بڑا قابل قدر ہوتا، وہ پروفیسر مسعود حسن رضوی سابق صدر شعبہ اردو لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی کے داماد تھے، جن کے لئے اس کبرسنی میں یہ سانحہ بڑا ہی جانکاہ ہوگا۔
دعا ہے کہ خدا اردو ادب کے ان دونوں خدمت گزاروں کو غریق رحمت کرے، آمین ثم آمین۔ (صباح الدین عبدالرحمن، مارچ ۱۹۷۵ء)

 

قاری محمد طیب بحیثیت سیرت نگار

The present study highlights to contribution of Qari Muhammad tayyab in Islamic assistance has widened the scope of the study. He was not only a knowledgeable scholar but also a verbose, philosophic, logical and sophisticated speaker. His speeches have disseminated a throng of information among the people. He had a deep concerns with the preaching of Islamic teaching. He remained the part of dewband maddersa for long while, where he replete the student with knowledge of islam in addition, qari Muhammad tayyab was a very innovative and revolutionary poet. His poetic nature can be seen his poetries through his writings۔ Qari has done many comparative studies, such as science and islam, Islam and Christianity, linguistic problems and Hindustan, presidential speech of mumbia and many others studies. His knowledge of history could be Cleary observed in his books of history. Such books include the history of dar-ul–uloom dewband, the history of hijaz muqaddas. His aids in many others fields like Islamic equity, problems of fate, a journey to Afghanistan, the principles of preaching are adorable, tidies. To the gathered and analyzed data, his additions to the Islamic studies are abound and will always enlighten the ways for the scholars and would always appreciate the new researchers.

Fabrication of Α-Hematite/Ferrite Composite Thin Films on Planar and Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Substrates for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Inspired from the natural photosynthesis in which solar radiation is being effectively utilized in photoconversion of simple compounds (H2O and CO2) into carbohydrates and oxygen, scientists are dragged toward artificial photosynthesis for obtaining important chemicals from cheap and sustainable sources. The efficient conversion of solar energy into clean form chemical energy is the concept that is considered to be effective solution of world’s growing issues i.e. increasing demand of the fossil fuels and global warming. Hydrogen is considered as the fuel of the future because it has more energy capacity than fossil fuel, yielding zero carbon emission and has competency to replace the fossil fuels being used in different sectors. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water is considered as one of the most promising technology by which solar energy could be efficiently utilized in hydrogen generation from its cheap and abundantly available source i.e. water. In this work, we focussed on the use of α-hematite/ferrites composite thin films as electrode material for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Based on the band gap and their band alignment knowledge, three different series of composite thin films i.e. (1) CuFe2O4/α-Fe2O3, (2) ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 and (3) NiFe2O4/ α-Fe2O3 were deposited on planar and 3-dimentional (3-D) nanostructured substrates. The fabricated devices were then structurally and morphologically characterized by various techniques and evaluated for photoelectrochemical water oxidation applications. It has confirmed that the ratio between the components of the composite thin films is crucial, so the highest activity results were obtained by the thin films devices having equal molar ratio (1:1) between α-hematite and ferrites in all the three classes. Among CuFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films series, the CF-1, having 1:1 molar ratio between CuFe2O4 and α-Fe2O3 showed the highest activity. This composite when deposited on planar FTO coated substrate showed the highest photocurrent density of 1.24 mA/cm2 at the applied voltage of 1.23 VRHE and retained the photoconversion efficiency of 0.14%. The same material when deposited on 3-D nanostructured substrate, an increase in the photocurrent density upto 2.2 mA/cm2 at the same applied voltage was recorded. Among ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films, we found that nanostructured device (ZF1-NSP) having molar ratio of 1:1 between their components retained the highest photocurrent density of 2.19 mA/cm2 and showed the photoconversion efficiency of 0.22%. This photocurrent density is 3.4 and 2.73 times higher than photocurrent density values of pure hematite on planar FTO and the highest reported value of ZnFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite, respectively. Among NiFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 composite thin films, the highest photocurrent density of 2.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE was obtained for the composite device having 1:1 molar ratio of NiFe2O4/α-Fe2O3 iii deposited on 3-D nanostructured substrate (NF1-NSP), which was 3.3 times more photocurrent density than pure hematite. It has been verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that α-hematite/ferrite composite thin films have greater conductivities of charge carriers than α-hematite and the highest values of charge conductivities were obtained for the composites consisting of equal molar ratio between α-hematite and ferrite. Based on photoluminescence studies, the photogenerated charge recombination has also been decreased by increasing ferrite component in α-hematite/ferrite composite. So, the better activities of α-hematite/ferrite composite in PEC water oxidation is provided by greater electrical conductivity and reduced charged recombination as compared to pure α-hematite. The performance of 3-D nanostructured devices in photoelectrochemical water oxidation were much greater than planar devices with the similar composite thin films. The three dimensional architecture of the electrode offers large surface area for the redox reaction and larger capability to harvest visible light for enhancing the performance of 3-D nanostructured electrode as compared to planar electrode.