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Home > Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Biomedical Applications of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Biomedical Applications of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ajmal

Supervisor

Uzma Yunus

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

ix, 84.

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Other

Call No: 547 AJS; Publisher: Aiou

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 18:41:44

ARI ID

1676710538666

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اردو تفسیر نگاری کا پس منظر اورتفہیم القرآن کی خصوصیات

              بر صغیر پاک و ہند میں اردو میں ترجمہ و تفاسیر کا آغاز سولھویں صدی عیسوی میں ہوا لیکن یہ متفرق سورتوں اور پاروں سے آگے نہ بڑھ سکا۔ اردو زبان میں سب سے پہلا تشریحی ترجمہ حکیم محمد شریف خان بن محمد اکمل خان(م۱۲۲۲ھ) نے لکھا۔ یہ ترجمہ شائع نہیں ہوا اور ان کے خاندان میں محفوظ ہے۔ ہندوستان میں پہلی اردو تفسیر، چراغ ابدی ہے جو مولوی عزیز اللہ ہمرنگ  اورنگ آبادی نے ۱۲۲۱ھ میں لکھی۔ یہ صرف تیسویں پارے کی تفسیر ہے۔ اسی طرح شاہ مراد اللہ انصاری سنبھلی کی تصنیف خدائی نعمت بہ معروف تفسیر مرادی بہت مقبول ہوئی۔ یہ بھی تیسویں پارے کی تفسیر ہے اور تین سو صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ یہ۱۱۸۵ھ میں مکمل ہوئی۔

              ہندوستان کے معروف محدث شاہ ولی اللہ کے فرزند شاہ رفیع الدین (م۱۲۳۲ھ۱۸۱۷ء )نے ۱۲۰۰ھ میں قرآن مجید کا ترجمہ لکھا جو کہ مختصر اور جامع لفظی ترجمہ ہے۔ شاہ رفیع الدین کے چھوٹے بھائی شاہ عبدالقادر (۱۲۳۰ھ، ۱۸۱۵ء ) نے ۱۲۰۵ھ میں موضح قرآن کے نام سے اردو زبان میں قرآن کا ترجمہ اور حواشی لکھے۔ شاہ صاحب کا یہ ترجمہ اپنے دور کے لحاظ سے بہترین ترجمہ ہے۔ اس میں عربی الفاظ کے مناسب ترین اردو اور ہندی مترادفات کو استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔ شاہ عبدالقادر کی اس تصنیف کو اردو زبان کی پہلی مکمل تفسیر قرار دیا جا سکتا ہے۔ سر سید احمد خان (۱۸۱۷ء۔ ۱۸۹۸ء)کی تفسیر"تفسیر القرآن" بدلتے ہوئے حالات کے تناظر میں خصوصی اہمیت رکھتی ہے۔ اس کی پہلی جلد ۱۸۸۰ء میں شائع ہوئی۔ سرسید احمد خان کا دور مسلمانوں کے انحطاط اور انگریزی غلبے کی وجہ سے کش مکش کا دور تھا۔ جدید تہذیب کے زیر اثر عقلیت پسندی اور قدیم روایات  سے انحراف کی کئی مثالیں سامنے آ رہی تھیں۔ اس عہد کی تفاسیر...

Implementation of Gaussian Process Regression in Estimating Motor Vehicle Insurance Claims Reserves

This study aims to calculate the allowance for losses by applying Gaussian Process regression to estimate future claims. Modeling is done on motor vehicle insurance data. The data used in this study are historical data on PT XYZ's motor vehicle insurance business line during 2017 and 2019 (January 2017 to December 2019). Data analysis will be carried out on the 2017 - 2019 data to obtain an estimate of the claim reserves in the following year, namely 2018 - 2020. This study uses the Chain Ladder method which is the most popular loss reserving method in theory and practice. The estimation results show that the Gaussian Process Regression method is very flexible and can be applied without much adjustment. These results were also compared with the Chain Ladder method. Estimated claim reserves for PT XYZ's motor vehicle business line using the chain-ladder method, the company must provide funds for 2017 of 8,997,979,222 IDR in 2018 16,194,503,605 IDR in 2019 amounting to Rp. 1,719,764,520 for backup. Meanwhile, by using the Bayessian Gaussian Process method, the company must provide funds for 2017 of 9,060,965,077 IDR in 2018 amounting to 16,307,865,130 IDR, and in 2019 1,731,802,871 IDR for backup. The more conservative Bayessian Gaussian Process method. Motor vehicle insurance data has a short development time (claims occur) so that it is included in the short-tail type of business.

Biosystematics of Aphid Parasitoids from Punjab Province of Pakistan

Aphid parasitoids are important bio-control agents, being used in aphid pest management in the field as well as in greenhouses worldwide. Over 400 species of parasitoids are described worldwide and most of them are being used as a basis of integrated pest management (IPM). In Pakistan, only 30 species of aphid parasitoids were reported; out of those 11 species were recorded from Potohar region of Punjab Province of Pakistan. Keeping in view this low level of basic research on these important insects, mummified aphids, adult parasitoids and hyperparasitoids were collected from various localities of Punjab during 2005-08. A total of 10827 parasitoid individuals were collected consisting of 30 species in 8 genera belonging to subfamily Aphidiinae along with 58 new trophic associations and 184 new locality records. Nine species namely: Aphidius gifuensis, Aphidius hortensis, Aphidius hieraciorum, Aphidius phalangomyzi, Aphidius salicis, Aphidius sonchi, Binodoxys basicurvus, Binodoxys rubicula and Binodoxys angelicae are recorded for the first time from Pakistan. A species, Trioxys aridunivercena sp. nov. is described as a new to science record. In addition, a total of 1257 hyperparasitoid individuals were collected consisting of 6 species in 6 genera from 3 subfamilies along with 19 new trophic associations and 51 new locality records. One species, namely Alloxysta carinata is a new record for Pakistan. Host plants and primary parasites of A. carinata are new scientific records. Two species, Phaenoglyphis punjabensis sp. nov. and Dendrocerus rawalena sp. nov. are new scientific records. Identification keys for all recorded species have been prepared. Species are illustrated by their valid names, synonyms, measurement of various body parts, xviitritrophic association, comparison of characters from published descriptions for new records to country and comprehensive characters description for new science specimens has also been provided. The known distribution of all the species is also updated. A map is provided for the distribution of each of them. Biology of most common and voracious parasitoids is given. As Diaeretiella rapae is the most common parasitoid so its general biology including study of various life stages along with some biological parameters like copulation time, pre-mating time, oviposition time and adult longevity have been given. Biological parameters like mummy colouration, position and shape of emergence hole of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids have been given for two aphid species namely, Aphis gossypii and Aphis fabae. Sex ratio of field collected populations of the parasitoid species like Diaeretiella rapae, Aphidius transcaspicus, Aphidius uzbikistanicus, Aphidius avenae, Aphidius smithi and Binodoxys anglicae emerged from the mummies of various species of aphids have been determined and was found female biased. Sex ratio of all recorded parasitoids and hyperparasitoids species are calculated and found to be female biased. A list of trophic associations of host plants, aphids, parasitoids and hyperparasitiods has been provided. Presence and absence of various aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in various localities of Punjab is also tabulated for future reference.