سر الزڈ برڈ
سرالزڈ برڈ، جو ایک خاص دوا، ’’بروس کسٹدرڈ پوڈر‘‘ کے کارخانہ کے مالک تھے، چند ماہ ہوئے، انہوں نے وفات پائی، تو معلوم ہوا، انہوں نے محض اشتہارات کے بل پر جو دولت کمائی، اس کی آمدنی سے ۶۵۳۶۵۶ پونڈ کی قیمت کی مستقل جائداد چھوڑ گئے ہیں! چند اور مشہور مشترین کی دولت کے اعداد ذیل سے، مغرب میں اشتہار کی قوت زرخیزی کا اندازہ ہوگا۔
لارڈ برٹن (تاجر شراب) ۰۰۰،۰۰۰،۷ پونڈ
سرفریڈرک وِلس (تاجر تمباکو) ۱۱۴،۹۱۸،۲ =
مسٹر پیٹرر انیسن (مالک کارخانۂ خیاطی) ۶۶۱،۱۱۹،۱ =
مسٹر ولیم دہائیلی (مالک بساط خانہ) ۸۲۵،۴۵۲،۱ =
سرہزی ٹیٹ (تاجر شکر) ۵۶۵،۲۶۳،۱ =
مسٹر جی فلفرڈ (مالک دواخانہ) ۰۰۰،۳۱۱،۱ =
مسٹر لینڈلی میپل (مالک کارخانہ فرنیچر) ۲۹۲،۱۵۸،۲ =
مسٹر چارلس لی (چٹنی فروش) ۱۳۷،۰۷۰،۱ =
مسٹر سی، پوٹ (دوا فروش) ۴۲۳،۲۹۴،۴ =
مسٹر اینو (مالک کارخانہ نمک ہاضم) ۶۰۷،۶۱۱،۱ =
مسٹر ہینز (چٹنی و اچار فروش) ۰۰۰،۲۲،۱۱ = (ڈبلی میل)
(جون ۱۹۲۲ء)
‘Adl and Qisṭ is indeed a manifestation of God’s mercy, rather, it may also be seen as a principal objective of Shariʿah. The origin or sources of administration of justice in Islām are the Quran, Sunnah of the holy Prophet, consensus of opinions of the jurists of Islamic jurisprudence and Analogy (Qiyās). Justice is a sacred obligation of supererogatory. It is obligatory upon the Muslim rulers to appoint judges for the dispensation of justice to attain equality, to protect the human rights from their violation, to safeguard the lives and properties, and to maintain law and order in society. As a judge is supposed to accomplish a very important and noble task being a regent of Allāh, hence, some vital merits and criteria regarding the conditions and qualifications for the appointment of the Qāḍī or judge in the light of the Qur’ān, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence and the code of conduct for the Pakistani judges must be observed at all costs. The author of this paper has discussed these conditions and qualifications in this article. There are some unanimous conditions for the appointment of judges, while some others are not agreed upon. While presenting the difference of opinions of the Islamic jurists, the author tried to explain, reconcile the opinions and at some places presented her own view in the light of her analysis and arguments. These conditions are around thirty, but the author according to her own discretion chose some of the most important ones to discuss in this paper.
In this thesis we study three di erent problems. First, we study a class of a multivalued perturbations of m-dissipative evolution inclusions with nonlocal initial condition in arbitrary Banach spaces. We prove the existence of solutions when the multivalued right hand side is Lipschitz and admits nonempty closed bounded but, in general case, neither convex nor compact values. Illustrative example is provided. Second, we prove two variants of the well known lemma of Filippov{Pliss in case of dynamical inclusions on time scale. Therst variant is when the right-hand side is Lipschitz continuous on the state variable. Afterward we introduce one sided Perron conditions for multifunctions on time scale and prove the second variant of that lemma. Some discussions on relaxed systems is provided. Third, we investigate fuzzy fractional integral inclusions under compactness type conditions. We prove the existence of solutions when the right-hand side is almost upper semicontinuous. We also show that the solution set is connected. Finally, an application to fuzzy fractional di erential inclusions is given.