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Developing Reading Skills of Learners Through Effective English Language Teaching Method at the Graduate Level in the University of Sindh

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Bukhari, Syed Ismail Shah

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Sindh

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1247

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724607861

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This research study on the topic of “Developing reading skills of learners through effective English language teaching (ELT) method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh” is a descriptive type of research. The problem of developing reading skills is the most crucial and fundamental for learners at the graduate level because they can not fully comprehend the texts/materials, prescribed at syllabi/courses of Remedial English and English Compulsory. These texts/materials are not appropriate for the purpose to develop reading skills of learners. Moreover, the English Language Teaching methods in practice such as Grammar Translation Method and Lecture Method are also unsuitable to develop reading skills of learners. Hence developing reading skills of learners through effective English Language Teaching (ELT) Method is crucial and researchable. There are independent (cause or input) and dependent (effect or output) variables and strong co-relation between them. This research study consists of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the Statement of the problem, Objectives, Rationale and Scope of the study etc. The second chapter discusses and presents Review of related literature and framing a hypothesis. The third chapter deals with research methodology into the problem. The fourth chapter consists of Data collection, Sources of data and Treatment of data etc. The fifth chapter of comprises of Descriptive and Inferential analysis of data. The sixth chapter comprises of Research Report, Recommendations /Suggestions and Conclusion. Consequently, the data collected is analysed quantitatively and qualitatively that shows the similar outcomes. The objectives of the research are achieved and the hypothesis is accepted. Keeping in view, the findings of this research it is recommended that reading skills of learners should be developed through Repeated Reading Method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh. It is suggested that sample reading texts/materials according to the needs, levels and backgrounds etc of learners may be prepared and approved by the competent authority of the University. However, this research suggests for further research into the problem.
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مجھ پر نزولِ رحمتِ شاہِ امم ہوا

نعت

مجھ پر نزولِ رحمتِ شاہِ امم ہوا
جب سے عطا مدینہ کے شہؐ کا علم ہوا

بزمِ سخن کی ابتدا ذکرِ حبیبؐ سے
صد شکر مجھ پہ شاہ کا کیسا کرم ہوا

طیبہ کی آب و گِل سے میں تاوقت دور ہوں
اے کاتبِ نصیب! یہ کیسا ستم ہوا

مجھ خانماں خراب سے جو نعت ہو گئی
مجھ کو لگا کہ دوسرا میرا جنم ہوا

تیری بلائیں لیتے ہیں تا آدم و مسیح
تیری ہی نسلِ پاک کا جاری علم ہوا

آخر میں اذن پا کے جنابِ رسولؐ سے
کہتی ہے یہ فضاؔ کہ مبارک قلم ہوا

EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA POWER POINT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS III SD INPRES PARANG MAKASSAR

This study aims to (1) examine the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in class III SD Inpres Parang Makassar using power point media; (2) assessing the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in grade III SD Inpres Parang Makassar without using power point media; (3) examining the effectiveness of power point media to improve learning outcomes for reading comprehension of third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. This study used an experimental research design with a posttest only control design. The population of this research is the third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The data that had been collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and parametric inferential statistics type T Test that were processed using the SPSS version 20 windows computer program. The results of hypothesis testing show that (1) the value of t-count shows the number -9.708 with sig. (2 tailed) = 0.000. At the 95% significance level with 46 degrees of freedom. Because the significance value or p-value <0.005, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected or in other words the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental class in the learning outcomes of students in class IIIB SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The use of power point media to improve students' reading comprehension learning outcomes of SD Inpres Parang Makassar is more effective using power point media. This can be seen from the t-test calculation of -9.708 with db = 46 at the 5% significance level. These results indicate that the price p = 0.000. The p value is less than 0.05.  

Breeding Tomato for Fruit Production With Urban Sewage Water

Wastewater is often used for irrigation, especially in farming near urban areas, causing heavy metal accumulation and pathogenic infection in soils and crops grown there. A socio- economic survey conducted in a peri-urban area in Faisalabad called “Uchkara” revealed that in spite of being aware of the potential harmful effects of waste water, farmers preferred to use it due to its low cost and lack of alternatives. Comparison of irrigation water from different sources showed that in wastewater the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Pb were many folds higher than their recommended safe limit, rendering affected water sources unfit for use in irrigation. Crops irrigated with this waste water also had very high concentrations of heavy metals. Higher concentrations were found in leafy vegetables than in other crops. Screening was carried out to identify high yielding and heavy metal tolerant tomato genotypes when irrigated with waste water. Diverse tolerance to heavy metals and yield- related traits were observed among tomato accessions. Higher concentrations of metals were found in vegetative parts than in fruits. The concentrations of Cr (0.35-50 ug/g), Mn (3.75- 16.25 ug/g), Ni (0.75-3.25 ug/g), Pb (0-3.75 ug/g) and Zn (13.74-69.5 ug/g) varied in fruit tissues of different tomato accessions. The tomato accessions PB-017906 and 10592 had better fruit yield and appeared relatively tolerant to heavy metals accumulation. With maternal effects and additive type of gene action was involved in the inheritance of number of flowers and number of fruits, while a dominance type of gene action was involved in the inheritance of heavy metals tolerance. Transcriptome analysis of heavy metal tolerance genes i.e., HSP and M. Thio showed that tomatoes respond to high concentrations of heavy metals through increased transcription of the HSP and M. Thio genes. It was observed under Pb and Cr stress that HSP and M. Thio protein transcripts accumulated to levels many times higher than in the in roots and leaves of control plants, reducing protein damage from heavy metals and sustaining cellular homeostasis. PCR-based diagnostics showed that the waste water had S. enterica bacterium. In contrast, tomato fruits were free of S. enterica contamination in 14 out of 16 (87.5%) tomato accessions, showing that most of the time S. enterica was physiologically blocked from gaining access to the tomato fruit. Although waste water application is the need of time the resulting information from this research will be helpful in the development of low metal-accumulators as well as S. enterica tolerant tomato genotypes suitable for heavy metals and bacterial problems by the use of wastewater.