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Home > Effect of Home and Institution on the Development of English Language Skills in Southern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Effect of Home and Institution on the Development of English Language Skills in Southern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Thesis Info

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Author

Sheikh, Shehla

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14578/1/Shehla%20Sheikh%202020%20gomal%20d%20i%20khan%20education%20prr.doc

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724656371

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The study aims to find out the effect of home and institution on the development of English language skills in Southern areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e.to find out the attitude of the pupils towards basic language skills (reading and writing), to find out the effect of the Social Economic Status (SES) of the students on their language skills (reading and writing), to observe the effect of instructional strategies of English teachers regarding in the development of basic English language skills (reading and writing), to check the effect of co- curricular activities on the basic English languages skills (reading and writing).The population of the current study was 29945 9th class studentsof 606 secondarymale and female schools of southern areas. The sample of the study were 12 teachers and 379 students of secondary schools which were taken through Krejcie and Morgan rule (1970). Various research tools were used in this study included, a five point likert type attitude scale, socio economic status scale, an observation sheet, a checklist, tests in reading and writing English skills. All these tools were made valid and reliable before its administration. Research questions and hypotheses were developed in line with the objectives of the study the data of attitude scale was analyzed through percentage, data received from socio economic status was analyzed through mean, the data received from checklist was analyzed by using percentage and rank order, the data collected from observational sheet was analyzed by using chi square, t test and ANOVA were used for differentiating between the values of means of reading and writing scores of students across the locality and divisions respectively. The study concluded that dismal situation of English reading and writing skills of the students in southern areas is due to weak supportive environment of home and institution. The role of home and institution was found significant for improving reading and writing skills in English, and the study recommends both community link and institutional environment need to be made more rich/conducive for English language learning.
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’’اجیہی نظم جیہدے وچ سال دیاں باراں مہینیاں نوں چت رکھ کے شعر کہے جاون‘‘(۱)

عبدالغفور قریشی لکھدے نیں :

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’’پنجاب وچ باراں ماہ دی پرنپرا کافی پرانی اے۔ گیارھویں صدی دے مسعود سعد سلیمان لاہوری (1047-1122) دا فارسی باراں ماہ...

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Ibn e Khaldun (1406 C.E.) has been an imminent scholar and well known for his work in the study of civilization. His vision regarding Civilization holds the significant place according to the philosophers of history. Arnold J. Toynbee (1975 C.E.) is one such prominent thinker who not only applauded the thoughts of Ibn e Khaldun but was influenced by Ibn e Khaldun’s views as it can be seen in Toynbee’s book: “A Study of History”. As a philosopher of history, he has much contribution in the field; He interlinks History with civilization. He presented a thoughtful book surrounding his civilizational vision; which explains the causes of world’s ups and downs. Although he presented a quality research about the division of the civilizations in the light of religion, many aspects of his work need to be reassessed. As per his understanding of world civilizations, he represents twenty-one civilizations, but with the passage of time, the number reduces and now only five are left in the contemporary epoch. According to him, religion has played significant role in the rise and fall of civilizations through their various stages. This research will highlight his thought about Islam through a comparison between Toynbee and Ibn e Khaldun’s Islamic civilizational thoughts. The study will also mention several problems in his approach to the Islamic Civilization. Furthermore, along with due importance of both scholars in the subject of history, their authoritative status will be stated. This research aims to discuss some misconceptions of the West that are based on Toynbee's understating of Islamic civilization and history. And, consequently, it intends to improve relations between people of the west and east.

Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on Pyrolysis Yield from Paper Mulberry Broussonetia Papyrifera

Pyrolysis technology is most commonly employed to convert widely available biomass into useful biofuel products to meet energy needs and obtain chemical feedstocks. In the present study, pyrolysis of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) was carried out with the aim to study the product distribution and their chemical compositions. The optimum process conditions for maximizing the pyrolytic yield were also determined. Experiments were performed in a well-swept resistively heated fixed-bed reactor to examine the effect of temperature and particle size on pyrolysis yields. Different ranges of temperature 350 °C, 450 °C, 550 °C and particle sizes 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm were used and their effect was evaluated on pyrolysis of Broussonetia papyrifera. The pyrolysis products were collected within three different groups as non-condensable gases products, condensable liquids and solid biochar. The result showed that the highest biochar product was attained at 350 oC and 3 mm particle size while the highest bio-oil yield was obtained at 450 oC and 2 mm particle size. On the other hand, the optimum temperature and particle size for gas yield was 550 oC and 1 mm. The bio-char with highest fixed carbon content (61%) and calorific value (26.5 MJ/Kg) was observed at 550 °C and 3mm. Nutrient elements like Mg, Al, Cu, Zn, Ca and K were found in high concentrations. The GC-Ms analysis of bio-oil showed that it was rich in alkanes, alcohols, ketones and cycloalkanes. The bio-oil was acidic (pH ranging 3.4-3.9) at all temperatures and particle sizes. The heating value of bio-oil was maximum at 3 mm and 550 °C (25 MJ/Kg). The gas product was mainly composed of CO2, CO, CH4 and hydrocarbons. The results of the present study showed that the pyrolysis of Broussonetia papyrifera produce carbon rich, high energy and relatively pollution-free potential solid biofuels and bio-oil.