سیرت نگاری پیر کرم شاہ الازہری کی "ضیاالنبی "کے تناظر میں
ڈاکٹر طالب علی اعوان
سیرت نگاری کوئی انسانی کمال نہیں بلکہ یہ بارگاہِ رسالت ماب صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم میں شرفِ قبولیت ہے۔یہ وہ خوش بختی ہے جس پر جتنا فخر کیا جائے کم ہے۔حسان بن ثابت رضی اللہ عنہ کے ایک نعتیہ شعر کا مفہوم ہے:
"لوگ اگر مجھ سے محبت کرتے ہیں تو اس لیے کہ میں نے سرکارِ دوعالم صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کا ذکر کیا ہے، لوگوں میں اگر کہیں میرا تذکرہ ہے تو فقط اس واسطے کہ میں نے سرورِ کائنات صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کی شان تحریر کرنے کا اعزاز حاصل کیا ہے، جب تک سازِحیات بجتا رہے اس کے تاروں سے محبتِ رسول صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم ہی سنائی دے۔"
اللہ تعالی نے قرآنِ حکیم میں اپنے حبیب صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کی شان بیان کرتے ہوئے فرمایا:
"ورفعنا لک ذکرک" ترجمہ:"ہم نے آپ کے ذکر کو بلند کیا۔"
رفع ذکر کا ایک پہلو یہ بھی ہے کہ آپ کا تذکرہ کیا جائے، اخلاق و عادات کو نمایاں کیا جائے ،شمائل کو بیان کیا جائے اور آپ کی حیاتِ طیبہ اور اسوہ حسنہ کے مختلف پہلووں کو اجاگر کیا جائے۔
مسلمانوں کےلیے ذکرِ حبیب باعثِ افتخار و اعزاز اور ذریعہ نجات ہے۔ غیر مسلم بھی آپ صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کے تذکرے کو باعثِ شرف سمجھتے ہیں چناچہ آکسفورذ یونیورسٹی (برطانیہ) کے پروفیسر مارگولیتھ (D.S Margoliouth) نے 1905ء میں حضورِ اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ والہ وسلم کےحالات پر اپنی کتاب محمد اور ظہورِ اسلام (Muhammad And The Rise Of Islam) کے نام سے لکھی تو اس کا آغاز ہی...
Like many low-income countries, Pakistan is facing children’s health problems. The major health problems affecting children in the country are Pneumonia, Diarrhoea, Measles, Malaria and malnutrition. There is much research has already been conducted on biomedical and epidemiological aspects of these health problems, but little is known about the social and cultural dimensions of children’s health issues. This paper attempts to propose the sociological research on children’s health problems in Pakistan with the emic focus on local context. The proposed future research may mainly be situated in the interpretivist paradigm of qualitative inquiry. Thus, it will contribute in up-scaling the very basic understanding of the meaning formed by people about social determinants of prevailing children health problems and their potential hazardous consequences in Pakistan.
The optimum treatment outcome of radiation therapy depends on accurate determination of radiation dose which is possible only after the detail analysis of quality assurance procedures in the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning, ensuring dosimetric characteristics of the machines and precise treatment execution. It was intended to develop dosimetric phantoms to imitate the actual patient’s anatomy for authentication of absorbed dose in target tumor and to assure the quality of radiotherapy treatment. An anthropomorphic PRESAGE ® phantom was created in the shape of a breast for external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Five fields intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), three field partial breast and SAVI 6-1 applicator brachytherapy plan was used to evaluate the breast phantom. The anthropomorphic breast PRESAGE ® was scanned with the Duke midsized optical CT scanner (DMOS-RPC) and optical density (OD) was converted to dose distribution. Comparisons were performed between the dose distribution calculated with the Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system, GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film and PRESAGE ® for IMRT and 3DCRT partial breast plan. Oncentra® Master Brachy planning was also used for the comparison of PRESAGE ® and GAHCHROMIC® EBT2 film measurements. For IMRT, Gamma map comparisons showed that Pinnacle 3 well agreed with PRESAGE ® for more than 95% of comparison points of the planning tumor volume (PTV), passed ±3%/±3 mm criterion when the outer 8 mm of phantom data were excluded. Edge artifacts were observed in the optical CT reconstruction, from the surface to a depth of almost 8 mm. For 3DCRT partial breast planning Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) of gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical tumor volume (CTV) and PTV for the PRESAGE ® dosimeter and Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system confirmed a likeness of 97.8% of the prescribed dose. Gamma map comparisons showed that all three distributions agreed with greater than 95% of comparison points passing the ±3% / ±2 mm criterion. DVHs of the skin and PTV_EVAL (PTV_ Evaluation) Brachytherapy for PRESAGE® and Oncentra® differed by a maximum of 4 to 8% respectively. A prostate anthropomorphic viRPC (Radiological Physics Center) phantom was also used which contained TLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeters) and GAFCHROMIC® EBT2 film to evaluate the spot scanning proton therapy. The results of spot scanning proton therapy shows that the Right/Left, Inferior/Superior and Posterior/Anterior aspects of the coronal/sagittal and EBT2 film measurements were within ±7%/±4mm of the treatment planning system (TPS). This work demonstrates the feasibility of the PRESAGE ® to be fashioned into anthropomorphic shape and establishes the accuracy of Pinnacle 3 for breast IMRT as well as for 3D and brachytherapy planning. Furthermore, the extension of this work can lead to investigate 3D dosimetry with more complex anthropomorphic phantoms. RPC-Anthropomorphic prostate phantom could be used to establish quality assurance of spot scanning proton beam within certain confidence levels. The quality of treatment can be improved with the utilization of PRESAGE® in both external beam radiotherapy as well as brachytherapy. An anthropomorphic phantom is a good substitute of actual patients’ and can be a valuable tool for treatment planning in all types of radiation therapy including spot scanning proton therapy for authentication of absorbed dose measurements and resultantly can increase the accuracy and quality of the treatment.