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Home > Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Kaizen and Development of a Framework for its Effective Implementation in Automobile Sector of Pakistan

Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Kaizen and Development of a Framework for its Effective Implementation in Automobile Sector of Pakistan

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Saleem, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Sciences & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6702/1/Muhammad_Saleem_2015_NUST_EngineeeingManagement.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725484799

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There are a number of philosophies, tools and techniques available for continuous improvement of performance of the organizations. Kaizen is one of the Japanese management philosophies, which can be effectively implemented for continuous improvement of performance, work area, product quality, organizational internal processes and development of human resource. Primarily, Kaizen was developed and implemented by automobile sector organizations of Japan. Most of the automobile organizations of Pakistan are Japan based and have tremendous contribution in economic development of the country. Therefore this sector was selected for measuring perceptions of respondents regarding different factors affecting Kaizen and its outcomes. The theoretical framework for effective implementation of Kaizen was developed through identification of key factors from literature review and survey of automobile organizations and discussion with proponents of Kaizen in Pakistan. In this research, Top Management Commitment, Organization Kaizen Culture, Personal Initiative of Employees, Rewards & Recognition, Training of Workers and Kaizen Event & Team Design were selected as independent variables of Kaizen. Variables such as Human Resource Development, Work Area Improvement, Product Quality Improvement, Organization Internal Process Improvement and Overall Success of Kaizen in an organization were incorporated as outcome variables of Kaizen in theoretical framework. In this research, survey technique was adopted for the collection of data for empirical analysis. The existing questionnaire found in the literature was amended, and this modified questionnaire consisting of two parts was used in this research. Construct validity and reliability of survey scale items were checked through Factor Analysis. Survey was conducted in two phases. In first phase, Part I of survey questionnaire was forwarded to 455 automobile sector organization including member organizations of Pakistan Automobile Manufacturing Association (PAMA), Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts & Accessories Manufacturers (PAPAM) and Association of Pakistan’s Motorcycle Assembler (APMA). Out of those 455 organizations only 216 organizations responded back showing response rate of 47.5%. Kaizen tools and techniques implementation status was found good / satisfactory in 97 organizations. In second phase of survey, perception of individual respondents regarding statement of survey scale xxxiii items related to independent, process and dependent variables of Kaizen was measured from selected organizations of Phase-1 of the survey. A total of 200 respondents from 61 different organizations including respondents from top management, middle management and shop floor workers working as Kaizen team members and team leaders responded back to survey questionnaire. During face validation and data screening through descriptive statistics, 27 survey responses from 7 different organizations were rejected due to incompleteness or biasness. Finally 173 survey responses from 54 organizations, implementing Kaizen tools and techniques for continuous improvement were empirically analyzed. The relationship among independent and dependent variables was determined through statistical analysis of data collected through measure of perceptions of the respondents. Pearson Correlation Test, ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were applied to confirm the proposed theoretical research framework. Results of statistical analysis indicate that critical factors such as Top Management Commitment, Organization Kaizen Culture, Personal Initiative, Reward & Recognition, Training of workers and Kaizen Event & Team Design have medium to strong positive correlation having Pearson Correlation Coefficient values ranging from 0.413 to 0.791 with outcome variables of Kaizen. After confirmation of all pre-requisites of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis from the data, regression model for each outcome variable of Kaizen was developed. The results indicate that model developed for outcome variable Human Resource Development account for 76.7% variation in it due to change in independent variables such as Top Management Commitment, Organization Kaizen Culture, Rewards & Recognition and Training of Workers having standardized beta coefficient values 0.432, 0.206, 0.242 and 0.269 respectively. The regression model developed for Work Area Improvement account for 72% variation in outcome variable of Kaizen “Work Area Improvement” due to independent variables such as Organization Kaizen Culture, Rewards & Recognition and Training of Workers having beta coefficient values, 0.251, 0.315 and 0.549 respectively. Similarly the third regression model developed for Product Quality Improvement accounts for 72.3% variation in it, contributed by three independent variables such as Top Management Commitment, Organization Kaizen Culture, and Training of Workers having beta coefficient values, 0.428, 0.338 and 0.350 respectively. Fourth model accounts for 75.5% variations in Organizational Internal Process Improvement, contributed by five independent variables such as Organization Kaizen Culture, Rewards & Recognition, Training of xxxiv Workers, Personal Initiative of employees and Kaizen Event & Team Design having beta coefficient values, 0.220, 0.255, 0.221, 0.455 and 0.210 respectively. Finally, 69.2% variations in Overall Success of Kaizen were explained by four independent variables of Kaizen such as Top Management Commitment, Personal Initiative of employees, Rewards & Recognitions and Training of Workers having beta coefficient values, 0.281, 0.228, 0.219, and 0.361 respectively. The results of mediation analysis indicate that process factors of Kaizen partially mediate the relationship between independent variables and overall success of Kaizen in an organization. The results of this study are in line with the research carried out on Kaizen event effectiveness in the UK. The framework for effective implementation of Kaizen was developed by incorporating all independent variables (input factors) having medium to strong correlation with outcome factors and has significant contribution in regression model developed for different outcome variables of Kaizen. This research study is limited to automobile sector organizations of Pakistan, however, in future the scope of this research can be widened to other sectors as well. Secondly, in this study the relationship among 15 different variables (independent, process and dependent variables) of Kaizen has been analyzed. The relationship among other organizational factors, internal as well as external affecting Kaizen may be identified through empirical analysis in future research work.
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نواب شوکت خاں

نواب شوکت خاں
دوسرا حادثہ باغپت کے نوجوان رئیس نواب شوکت خاں کی وفات ہے ان کو اﷲ تعالیٰ نے امتیازی و جاہت کے ساتھ دینداری کی دولت سے بھی نوازا تھا، چنانچہ حاجی اور حافظ بھی تھے جس کی مثال جدید تعلیم یافتہ نوجوان رئیسوں میں مشکل سے ملے گی، اسمبلی کے ممبر بھی رہ چکے تھے، سٹی سنٹرل وقف بورڈ کے صدر تھے، اس تعلق سے کئی سال ان سے سابقہ رہا، طبعاً نہایت شریف اور مہذب و متین تھے، عمر چالیس بیالیس سال سے زیادہ نہ تھی، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس نوجوان اور دیندار رئیس کی مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، فروری ۱۹۶۹ء)

Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan Evidence Based Pharmaceutical Care

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond. Conclusions: The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

Some Aspects of Biology and Fishery of the Sea Catfishes in Pakistan

Human-influenced coastal ecosystem and overharvest of fishery resources require information to present management agencies, but it is often hampered by the paucity of information about systematic, demography, feeding ecology, nutritional quality and exploitation of high valued fish species. In Pakistan sea catfishes are ecologically and economically important fishery resource usually caught as by-catch but recently emerged to be a target fishery owing to its soar demand. The sustainability of this valuable fishery had not been successfully assessed due to dearth of scientific data. The goal of this study was to gather data on demographics, population dynamics and nutritional quality of the species of great commercial value. Provide improved and cohesive data to the stakeholder to framework and strategies management decisions. The dissertation is fragmented into six parts, Chapter I comprises of an introduction to sea catfishes, demography, distribution, spine envenomation, consumption, feeding habits, diet overlap, nutritional value, and medicinal use of skins derivatives. Research questions and study objectives are also included in this part. The attempt was made to simplify species identification based on morphological and otolith shape parameters of the members of family Ariidae and Plotosidae are described in Chapter II. The length-weight relationships were determined from the data of 995 specimens and 867 lapillus otoliths were used to provide novel information on quantitative biometric relationships between fish body and otolith measurements of eleven sea catfishes. Nutritional quality of fish flesh and maw (swimbladder) of bronze, Netuma bilineata and blacktip, Plicofollis dussumieri is delineated in Chapter III. No significant differences in protein contents in flesh were noted for both of the sea catfishes. Overall fat contents in flesh of blacktip catfish were (3.6%) and bronze (0.85%) respectively. The flesh of both species contains all essential amino acids with varying rate of composition for instance lysine found to be major AAs in flesh of bronze catfish. In comparison to functional FAAs, essential EAAs were relatively low in flesh and maw of both of the species. Quantitatively glutamic acid was significantly high in fish flesh and maw than rest of the functional AAs. The EPA, ecosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) and DHA, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3) found to be higher among all PUFA. The estimates of index of high nutritional value (n-3/n-6) PUFA percentages 16.8 and 15.4 demonstrated that bronze and blacktip sea catfish flesh are potential source of ω3−PUFA. A comprehensive account of feeding habits, prey diversity, diet composition and overlap in bronze and blacktip sea catfishes are given in Chapter IV. Stomach data of 342 bronze catfish and 283 blacktip sea catfish were examined. Diet composition and feeding strategy of each species by identification of stomach contents were weighed and enumerated. Both species primarily consumed teleosts, Brachyura and small amounts of a wide variety of prey items; however, specialization was a more common trait for the bronze catfish than for the black tip sea catfish. The Morisita-Horn index showed considerable diet overlap in percentage of mean weights (0.847) than in numbers (0.612) between co-prey pairs of both species. The present study evaluation of the feeding strategy and potential competition between two sympatric species of marine catfishes can provide the framework for their conservation and management in the region. Fishery, age, growth, mortality and sexual maturity of bronze, Netuma bilineata and blacktip, Plicofollis dussumieri sea catfishes are described in Chapter V. Six year 2010‒2015 landing data records an average (6751 tonnes) contribution of sea catfishes to the total marine fish catch from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan. The growth parameters of asymptotic length, growth coefficients and theoretical length at zero age were 113 TLcm, 0.690year-1 and ‒0.063 year-1 for bronze and 84 TLcm, 0.790 year-1, ‒0.200 year-1 estimated for blacktip catfishes. Bronze catfish attains age of five year at the size of 68 TLcm and blacktip six year of age at 63 TLcm. About 46% of the population of bronze was aged 2+ years, 31.5 MeanTL,cm and 69%, aged 3+ year, 34.7 MeanTL,cm of blacktip have been fished prior sexual maturity that does not allow them to reach at the size of to spawn. It is suggested that legal landing size LLS should not be set beyond 38 and 36 (cm) for bronze and blacktip catfishes. Overall outcomes of this study are discussed in Chapter VI, plus some plausible recommendations and benefits of the research are delineated.