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Home > Bioconversion of Agricultural Wastes to Lysine and its Biological Evaluation in Broiler Chicks

Bioconversion of Agricultural Wastes to Lysine and its Biological Evaluation in Broiler Chicks

Thesis Info

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Author

Irshad, Shagufta

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2260/1/2915S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676725599682

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ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف

ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف
۱۴، ۱۵؍ مارچ ۲۰۰۵؁ء کو شعبہ عربی علی گڑہ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں ’’دوسری جنگ عظیم‘‘ کے بعد ’’عربی ادب کے نئے رجحانات‘‘ کے عنوان سے ایک نیشنل سمینار ہوا جس کی روداد اپریل کے معارف میں شایع ہوچکی ہے، اس کے لیے راقم نے ’’ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف: افضل العلما مولانا محمد یوسف کو کن کی نظر میں‘‘ کے عنوان سے مضمون لکھا تھا جس کو ۱۵؍ مارچ کو سمینار کے صبح کے اجلاس میں پڑھا، اسی روز شام کو پہلا اجلاس پروفیسر سلیمان اشرف (دہلی) کی صدارت میں شروع ہوا تو انہوں نے یہ افسوسناک اطلاع دی کہ ابھی خبر ملی ہے کہ ۱۱؍ مارچ بہ روز جمعہ ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف کا انتقال ہوگیا، اسی وقت تاثراتی تقریریں ہوئیں، تعزیتی تجویز منظور کی گئی اور ڈاکٹر صاحب کے لیے دعائے مغفرت کی گئی۔
سمینار کے مندوبین کو شعبہ کی جانب سے جو کتابیں دی گئی تھیں ان میں ’’مجلۃ المجمع العلمی الہندی‘‘ کاتیئیسواں شمارہ بھی تھا، اتفاق سے اس میں بھی ڈاکٹر صاحب پر ایک مقالہ شامل تھا، اس سے اپنے مضمون میں کسی قدر اضافہ کر کے معارف کے قاریین کی خدمت میں پیش کررہا ہوں۔
ڈاکٹر شوقی ضیف بیسویں صدی کے عربی زبان کے مشہور مصنف اور بلند پایہ محقق و نقاد تھے، وہ جنوری ۱۹۱۰؁ء میں مصر کے ایک گاؤں ’’اولاد حمام‘‘ میں پیدا ہوئے، ان سے پہلے ان کے دو بڑے بھائی ایام شیر خوارگی ہی میں فوت ہوگئے تھے، اس لیے جب یہ پیدا ہوئے تو ان کے والدین کو بڑی خوشی ہوئی۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب کا پورا نام احمد شوقی عبدالسلام ضیف تھا، ضیف ان کے خاندان کا لقب اور عبدالسلام والد کا نام تھا، ان کا اصلی نام احمد شوقی تھا مگر وہ اختصار کے خیال سے اپنے کو صرف شوقی ضیف لکھتے تھے، یہی ان...

The Shift of Power from the Public Representatives to the Bureaucratic and Military Elite: Case Study of the First Decade of Pakistan

A combination of military coups with irregular intervals and failed democratic governments has underpinned Pakistan’s chronic instability. This paper explores the impediments in the path of democracy in Pakistan caused by the entanglement of institutions. The basic democratic principles, on which the movement for the creation of Pakistan was launched and succeeded, were lost within the first decade of independence. Several scholars hold that the people of Pakistan got liberated from the British and Hindu majority to be enslaved by socio-political and military elite. The failure of politicians in devising a viable political system resulted in the bureaucratic-military nexus as they made every effort to curb parliamentary politics. Musical chair game of power became the norm of the day which resulted in the decay of democracy and other institutions. Unlike its counterpart, Indian National Congress, Muslim League due to weak and loose political organization, failed miserably in areas constituting Pakistan which prevented it in playing a consolidating role. Moreover, the threats from India and Afghanistan forced the political leadership to invest heavily in security to deter Indian and Afghan threats. In fact, it was the imbalance between the civil and military components of the state, which became the key reason behind the political chaos in Pakistan during its first decade. The Army emerged as an overwhelming force overpowering all other institutions in the country. Democratic ideals such as rule of people through their representatives, fair representation and provincial autonomy, pronounced in the 1940 Lahore Resolution, were soon forgotten. Weak democratic forces could not compete with the skilled bureaucracy and a powerful army. Such chaotic conditions proved instrumental in leading to the proclamation of the first Martial Law in Pakistan

Improving Maize Productivity and Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Through Biogas Slurry and Poultry Manure under Different Tillage Systems

The integrated use of slurry from a biogas digester (bioslurry), poultry manure and chemical fertilizer has potential to replace sole application of nitrogen as chemical fertilizer and improve maize productivity in a sustainable way. Field studies were designed using a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement during 2012-13. The trials included three tillage systems (minimum, conventional and deep tillage) with combinations of the different sources of nitrogen (bioslurry, poultry manure and chemical fertilizer), applying 100, 50 and 25% of the recommended nitrogen application to improve maize productivity. The results showed that deep tillage treatment with the recommended nitrogen application rate of the chemical fertilizer alone produced maximum plant height, stem diameter, cob length, cob diameter and number of grain rows per cob. However, deep tillage treatment with the recommended nitrogen application rate applied as 50% chemical fertilizer, 25% poultry manure and 25% bioslurry produced maximum 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and N uptake in maize grains as compared to other treatments. The maximum fertilizer N recovery efficiency in maize grains and value to cost ratio were observed in treatment where recommended nitrogen application rate applied as 50% chemical fertilizer, 25% poultry manure and 25% bioslurry. The potential of bioslurry and poultry manure to improve soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and soil fertility under different tillage systems were also studied in the silt loam soils of Haripur, Pakistan. The results showed that tillage systems, nitrogen treatments and their interaction significantly increased SOC stocks, total porosity, soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium and significantly decreased bulk density. The maximum soil total nitrogen was recorded in the deep tillage system with 100% nitrogen applied as poultry manure. The maximum soil available phosphorus and potassium were observed in the deep tillage system with 100% nitrogen applied as bioslurry. The maximum SOC stocks were observed in minimum tillage with 100% nitrogen applied as bioslurry. These experimental measurements were used to evaluate a dynamic simulation model of soil organic matter turnover, RothC, which was then used to estimate future carbon sequestration. The correlation between experimental and simulated values was highly significant and the root mean square error was within experimental error, suggesting that RothC is providing an acceptable representation of the changes in soil carbon that are occurring in this experiment. The uncertainty in simulations was less than 3%. Simulations using future weather scenarios suggest that addition of the recommended rate of nitrogen in 8.4 t ha-1 y-1 bioslurry increases soil carbon sequestration over 100 years (2012-2112) by 24.9±0.7 t ha-1 compared to the control where no organic waste was applied. This sequesters 7.5±0.2 t ha-1 more carbon than if the same amount of nitrogen is applied as poultry manure, requiring an application rate of 7.5 t ha-1 y-1. If the same amounts of bioslurry and poultry manure are applied, carbon sequestration is still significantly greater for bioslurry than for poultry manure (4.5±0.2 t ha-1). Losses of carbon with climate change were highest under climate scenario B2 (environmental protection with regionalisation) and B1 (environmental protection with globalisation), followed by A1B (economic growth with globalisation), with minimum losses from A2 (economic growth with regionalisation). These predicted losses are likely to be more than compensated for by application of organic fertilizers at the rates needed to supply sufficient nitrogen to the crops. The findings can be concluded that the integrated use of bioslurry and poultry manure with a reduced rate of chemical fertilizer application improved maize productivity, soil carbon sequestration and reduced the cost of chemical fertilizers.