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Discovery of Novel Bioactive Compounds from an Endopyhtic Fungus Aspergillus Sp. and Phytochemical Investigation of Tecomella Undulata

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Shabir Ahmad

Program

PhD

Institute

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

City

Bahawalpur

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/8826/1/%28E%29%20Thesis%2c%201-09-15-%20HEC-Shabir-IUB.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 11:18:31

ARI ID

1676725908211

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لسانیات کے معانی ، مفہوم اور ماہیت

موضوع1:لسانیات کے معنی ،مفہوم اور ماہیت
لسانیات دو الفاظ کا مرکب ہے:لسان اور یات۔ لسان عربی زبان کا لفظ ہے جس کے معنی ہیں زبان اور یات کے معنی علم کے ہیں یعنی زبان کے علم کو لسانیات کہتے ہیں۔بہت سے ماہرین زبان کے علم کو زبان کا سائنسی مطالعہ بھی کہتے ہیں کیونکہ جس طرح سائنسی علوم کے لیے تجربات، مشاہدات اور تجزیات کے بعد کسی نتیجے پر پہنچا جاتا ہے اس طرح لسانیات بھی ایک سائنسی مطالعہ ہے۔محی الدین قادری زور کے مطابق:
"لسانیات اس علم کو کہتے ہیں جس میں زبان کی ماہیت، تشکیل، ارتقا، زندگی اور موت سے متعلق آگاہی ہوتی ہے"
الفاظ کا وجود کیسے آتا ہے، زبان کا آغاز کیسے ہوا ؟ اردو میں ماہر لسانیات نسبتا کم ہیں۔ اس حوالے سے مغربی ماہرین کو الفاظ کے ماخذ تک زیادہ رسائی حاصل ہے۔ اگرچہ گلکرائسٹ نے سیاسی مقاصد کے لیے تراجم کروائے لیکن اس کا اردو ادب کو بہت زیادہ فائدہ پہنچا۔
لسانیات از مغربی مفکرین:
ایف سی باکٹ کے مطابق:
" زبان کے بارے میں منظم علوم کو لسانیات کہا جاتا ہے"
منظم علوم میں ساخت، بناوٹ ا،اجزائ،سمجھنا سمجھانا شامل ہیں۔ہر لفظ کو لسانیات میں شامل نہیں کیا جا سکتا جب تک اس پر مشاہدہ اور تحقیق نا کی جائے یا عملی طور پر اس کا تجزیہ نا کیا جائے۔لسانیات چونکہ سائنسی علم ہے لہذا بغیر تصدیق اورجانچ پرکھ کے کسی بات کو نہیں مانتی۔ایسا صرف تحقیقات کرکیممکن ہے۔ اسی طرح ہم زبان میں بھی ہر لفظ کو شامل نہیں کیا جا سکتا ہے۔
ہوکٹ Hocketکے مطابق:
" لسانیات سے مراد معلومات کا وہ ذخیرہ ہے جوکہ ماہر لسانیات کی تحقیقات کے نتیجے میں حاصل ہوتا ہے"۔
روٹیس کیمطابق:
"انسانی زندگی میں زبان کو جو مقام حاصل ہے اور زندگی کی ضروریات کو پورا کرنے کے لیے...

Contemporary Curriculum Design for Higher Education: An Islamic Appraisal

Education is a key to developing positivity in human beings. It helps to become a good citizen. In Islam, education has a central role that every Muslim must seek. Islamic education is centered on the teaching of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The Quran is revealed in Arabic, therefore sources of the teachings of Islam are in Arabic. It is the religious duty of the Muslim Ummah to learn Arabic and have command in it. The Quran is the only Book that provides complete guidance to humanity, whether the matters related to social life, economic matters, political issues, or religious life. Keeping this in view, the curriculum should also be prepared in the light of the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Focusing on the contemporary curriculum design for Islamic studies for higher education, this paper describes the missing material in the existing curriculum and suggests that the use of modern resources, arranging conferences, and an expansive transformative framework for Islamic studies are the key tools for its implementation. It stresses the curricular designers to approach the existing curriculum more comprehensively which covers Islamic Law, comparative studies, contemporary trends in world traditions, peace dialogue, and practical involvement of students too. This goal can be gained through amendments or revising the existing curriculum. The outcome of it will results in students' critical thinking, positivity, comprehensive knowledge, language proficiency, and character building.

حضرت عائشہ صدیقہ کی شخصیت اور فقہی مسائل میں ان کی آراء:تحقیقی اور تحلیلی جائزہ

The dissertation has been undertaken on Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's personality and her views regarding issues of fiqh (a study based on research and resolution). It is a compilation including the case, four chapters, research results, and Bibliography (original and secondary sources). Under the heading of case , an introduction to research on the subject, the need for work on the subject, the problem of the research subject, Hypothesis of the research, the objectives of the research, survey of the research topic in the light of previous studies, the ways and means of research and a synopsis have been presented. In Chapter I the life of Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua R.A, her different activities, her journey to knowledge, her religious bent of mind and the prevailing conditions and achievements have been discussed. Chapter II presents a brief introduction of her students and provides answers to objections raised by Orientalists. Chapter III introduction of Fiqh, significance of Fiqh in the light of the Teaching of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. History of Fiqh and Hazrat Ayesha Siddiquas's principles of observation of Fiqh. The dissertation has been undertaken on Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's personality and her views regarding issues of fiqh (a study based on research and resolution). It is a compilation including the case, four chapters, research results, and Bibliography (original and secondary sources). Under the heading of case , an introduction to research on the subject, the need for work on the subject, the problem of the research subject, Hypothesis of the research, the objectives of the research, survey of the research topic in the light of previous studies, the ways and means of research and a synopsis have been presented. In Chapter I the life of Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua R.A, her different activities, her journey to knowledge, her religious bent of mind and the prevailing conditions and achievements have been discussed. Chapter II presents a brief introduction of her students and provides answers to objections raised by Orientalists. Chapter III introduction of Fiqh, significance of Fiqh in the light of the Teaching of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. History of Fiqh and Hazrat Ayesha Siddiquas's principles of observation of Fiqh. In Chapter IV a research has been undertaken of Ummul Momineen. Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's traditions of Fiqh which Taharat, Worship, Issues of Nikah and Divorce, Morality and Politics have been discussed. In the results of the research the answers has been given to the questions raised in the case. Moreover correct duties established in the case have been identified.