مولوی جنید نعمانی
یہ خبر نہایت حسرت و افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ مولانا شبلی نعمانی مرحوم کے چھوٹے بھائی مولوی جنید صاحب نعانی سب جج کانپور نے دوسال کی صحت و علالت کی کشمکش کے بعد ۱۲؍ اپریل ۱۹۳۳ء کو دہلی میں وفات پائی، مولانا مرحوم کے صرف یہی ایک بھائی تھے جو ان کی وفات کے بعد زندہ تھے، آخر انہوں نے بھی اس دنیا کو الوداع کہا، یہی وہ بھائی تھے جن کی نسبت مولانا نے اپنے بھائی محمد اسحاق صاحب مرحوم الہ آباد ہائی کورٹ کے پر درد نوحہ میں ۱۹۱۴ء میں یہ فرمایا تھا:
اے خدا شبلی دلِ خستہ بایں موئے سپید
لے کے آیا ترے درگہِ عالی میں امید
مرنے والے کو نجات ابدی کی ہو نوید
خوش و خرم رہے چھوٹا مرا بھائی یہ جنید
افسوس کہ یہ بھائی اپنے بڑے بھائی کے بعد اٹھارہ برس سے زیادہ خوش و خرم نہ رہ سکا، دعا ہے کہ مرحوم کو اب آخرت کی ابدی خوشی و خرمی حاصل ہو۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، مئی ۱۹۳۳ء)
The concept of coherence is not only a semantics one that exists within the meaning of text; it refers to grammatical continuity of a text that accurs within surface and deep structure of the discourse، and that define it as a text/discourse. That is why the study of coherence is important in textual linguistics، especially in the Text of Holy Qur’ān. Therefore the ancient researchers have chosen it in different ways in the Qur’ānic textual analysis. The ancient Arab started the study of Coherence to prove the Qur’ānic text as “Moʻjiza” and “iʻjāz” because of its organization and arrangement of text according the “Naẓm” “Insijām” “Ittisāq” “Iltiḥām” and many others. The English term that substitutes these terms is just Cohesion and Coherence. So we can say that the Arab were doing well about the discourse/textual analysis of the texts, especially the Qur’ānic textual coherence was their main goal. The Article aims to explore the main roots، elements and aspects of textual coherence in Arabic language. This work differ from previous works in many aspects as it focuses on the concept of coherence and its various aspects particularly in terms of the coherence in Arabic Language in the light of Qur’ānic text.
Multi-component reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an efficient and powerful tool in modern synthetic organic chemistry allowing the facile creation of several new bonds in a one-pot reaction. Clearly, for multi-step synthetic procedures, the number of reactions and purification steps is among the most important criteria for the efficiency and practicability of a process The classical four-component Hantzsch condensation provides access to pharmaceutically active polyhydroquinolines. We had carried out the reactions of cyclohexanone or cyclohexane dione or dimedone with malononitrile or ethylacetoacetate and different aliphatic and substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate in ethanol. These multicomponent reactions were carried out both by solvent free grinding and by classical heating for comparison purposes. The catalytic activity of p-TSA (10 mol %) and guainidine HCl (5 mol%) in these reactions was tested over a set of aldehydes. Through catalytic screening, guainidine HCl (5mol%) at ambient temperature is proven to act as a very active catalyst for multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of 2-amino-4-phenyl-3-cyano-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline derivatives and 2-methyl-4-phenyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6, 7, 8- hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate in excellent yield up to 96% from aldehydes, 1,3-cyclohexadione, malanonitrile/ ethylacetoacetate and ammonium acetate. we develop an expedient multi-component synthesis of 2-amino-5-oxo-4-substituted phenyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile 4-4f and 2-amino-5-oxo-4-substituted phenyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate 5-5l by using P-TSA under ultraviolet irradiation. Chemical reactions were carried out by the absorption of long-wavelength ultraviolet light by reactants to form product in a short period of time. We carried out the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline via irradiating the cyclohexanone/ cyclohexane dione/ dimedone with malononitrile/ethylacetoacetate and different aliphatic and substituted aromatic aldehydes in the prescence of ammonium acetate and P-TSA catalyst in ethanol assisted with ultraviolet light. The absorption of ultraviolet radiation by substrate allows a reaction to proceed by bringing the molecule to the activation energy, by changing the symmetry of the molecule and by changing the configuration of molecules. The reaction time is reduced from 1.5h to 4-5 min whereas % yield increased significantly by the ultraviolet assisted reactions. Thus, the superiority of the ultraviolet assisted protocol for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline over thermal method had proved. Extensive biological studies on these v polyhydroquinolines with a variety of substitution patterns exhibit that these compounds have a mild potential of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Chalcones are secondary metabolites of terrestrial plants, precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids and exhibit various biological activities. A simple and regioselective synthesis of substituted 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines through Vilsmeier-Haack cyclization of N-arylacetamide bearing an electron donating group at the meta position was carried out. Yields with electron donating groups were good in all cases. First, the chalcones were synthesized by direct Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions between an equimolar quantity of quinoline-3-formaldehyde and different heterocyclic/aromatic ketones (a-i) by a base catalysed (40% NaOH solution) condensation. The 1H-NMR spectra of the synthesized compounds were in good agreement with the structures of the synthesized compounds. Extensive pharmaceutical studies in literature on various other quinolinyl chalcones indicate that these compounds have a significant potential of biological activity.