4. Al-Nisa’/The Women
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
04:01
O The People!
Be mindful of your Rabb - The Lord WHO created you from a single soul,
and out of it created its spouse, and then out of the two of them, WE scattered countless males and females throughout the world.
Be mindful of Allah through WHOM you ask of one another and be mindful of the bond of family relationships.
Indeed, Allah watches over you.
04:02
And return to the orphans their possessions, and
do not exchange your inferior things with their superior valuables, and
do not consume their possessions by co-mingling with your possessions and using them as yours.
Surely that would be an outrageous crime.
04:03
However, in case you fear that you might not be fair towards the orphan girls in your care, or misuse their persons, then,
you may marry the women from amongst the widows or their daughters, whom you see fit
for marriageable age, up to two, or three, or four of them.
But if you apprehend that in your marital obligations, you might not be able to deal with them justly at a time and all the time, then marry only one;
or, marry someone from amongst those whom your right hand possesses in qital/battle.
Thus it will help keep you away from committing injustice.
04:04
And give your wives in marriage their bridal money happily as a free gift.
However, if they willingly offer you a part of it, you may, then, accept it wholeheartedly
and with pleasure.
04:05
And do not entrust those...
The issue of the sacrifice of Abrahim’s son remain an important bone of contention among the followers of Abrahamic religions. The Jews and Christians believe that it is Ishaq while among the Muslims some opine in favour of Ismail while favours Ishaq. To a common man it seems to be not an important issue whether it is Ismail or Ishaq but when its implications are taken into account then it is of great value to Muslims, Jews and Christians that who was sacrificed? Ismail or Ishaq. In the following pages an effort is made to look the issue in the light of some contemporary researches conducted in the Indo-Pak Subcontinent in the first half of the 20th century. Different positions on the issue are evaluated with the Quran and other holy scriptures and in the contemporary western scholarships.
Introduction: Postpartum depression has significant burden on obstetric psychopathology. While risk factors for the same have been extensively studied, most of this studies have focused on the role of psychosocial factors. Data on the role of physiological variables such as anaemia and role of obstetric complications in postpartum depression is now emerging. There are still gaps in literature regarding the same in developing countries and in Africa.
Primary Objective: To determine the association between low postnatal hemoglobin andpostpartum depression
Secondary Objective: To determine the association between obstetric complication specifically postpartum hemorrhage, operative delivery and NICU/NHDU admission and postpartum depression.
Materials and methods: Study design: prospective cohort study
Procedure: Using a cutoff of 11 grams/deciliter, 90 anemic and 90 non anemic women without a prior history of depression were recruited on the second postnatal day. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression scale was administered at the six week postnatal visit and a score of 13 was used to determine those at risk of postpartum depression.
Results: Using logistic regression analysis, we did not find a statistically significant association between postnatal anemia and postpartum depression. (Adjusted odds ratio 1.25, CI 0.51-3.05, p 0.6290). There was also no significant association between mode of delivery (OR 1.10 CI 0.46-2.60 p=0.8337) nor postpartum hemorrhage (OR 1.45 CI 0.60-3.54 p=0.4092) and postpartum depression. Admission to the neonatal unit (Adjusted OR 6.14 CI 1.09-34.42 p=0.039) and not taking antenatal iron supplements (Adjusted OR 2.83 CI 1.15-6.93 p=0.023) were significantly associated with postpartum depression.
Conclusion: Postnatal anemia, postpartum hemorrhage and mode of delivery are not associated with postpartum depression. NICU/NHDU admission and not taking antenatal iron are associated with postpartum depression though this was not hypothesized a priori and may therefore be a chance finding.
Recommendations: We recommend a prospective cohort study looking at the association of postnatal anemia, iron stores and postpartum depression. We also recommend a study looking at the association between adverse perinatal outcome (NICU/NHDU admission), operative delivery and postpartum depression.