جسٹس سیّد امیرعلی مرحوم
سیدامیرعلی مرحوم تمام تر جدید تعلیم کی پیدوار تھے، مگر انہوں نے بزرگوں کے سُنے سُنائے معلومات اور ذاتی کدو کاوش سے یورپ میں اسلام کی بڑی خدمت کی، وہ یورپ میں تمام اسلامی کاموں اور تحریکوں کے رکن رکین سمجھے جاتے تھے ان کے مذہبی اور سیاسی خیالات سے گوہم موافقت نہ کرسکیں، مگر اس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں کہ ان کے قلم کی ضوافشانی سے اسلام کے متعلق یورپ کے بہت سے خیالات باطلہ کے بادل پھٹ گئے، ان کی دوکتابیں اسپرٹ آف اسلام اور ہسٹری آف ساراسینس ہمیشہ یادگار رہیں گی، ان دونوں کتابوں کے ترجمے اکثر اسلامی زبانوں میں موجود ہیں، حتیٰ کہ عربی میں بھی ہوچکے ہیں، ۷۹ سال کی عمر میں اس جہان فانی کو الوداع کہا، مرحوم سے ۱۹۲۰ء میں کئی دفعہ لندن میں ملنے کا موقعہ ملا تھا، رحمۃ اﷲ تعالیٰ۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۲۸ء)
Tort law is an umbrella term for laws which cover issues of civil wrongs like defamation, trespassing and the other actions involving violation of law. In case a person has undergone a physical, legal or any economic harm then he can file a suit under the tort law. Torts are civil wrongs recognized by law as grounds for a lawsuit. It is also generally known that tort in Islamic fiqh as “Jinayet”. This paper attempts to analys by Islamic law in thel light of the relevant verses for the Qur’an followed by the rules stated in traditions from the Prophet (Peace by on him). Jinayat the part of Shari’a that applies to homicide or physical injury is called jinayat and is based on the pre-Islamic rules of Arab blood feud, as modified by Prophet (Peace be on him). The punishment is either retaliation or blood money (diyat). Retaliation occurs only upon the request of the victim, if alive, or his nearest kin if the victim is dead, and is to be inflicted by victim or kin. In the case of homicide retaliation means death, in the case of injury it means imposing an identical injury. Where retaliation is one of the options, the victim or his closest kinsman may demand blood money instead, or negotiate an out of court settlement. Jinayat, like modern tort law, is based on private action; there is no official responsible for initiating the case.
Organizations have become knowledge based rather than material based and knowledge is considered as one
of the most important organizational asset to gain competitive advantage. With the increasing importance of
knowledge, it reinforces the need of knowledge management. Knowledge sharing is considered as the main
component of knowledge management. This study is aimed to empirically examine some determinants that
can impact on knowledge sharing intentions of employees in telecom companies of Faisalabad to evaluate
which determinant effects most on intentions to share knowledge.
In this study five determinants anticipated extrinsic rewards, anticipated reciprocal relationship, sense of self-
worth, organization based self-esteem and organizational climate were used to check their impact on
knowledge sharing intentions of employees. Impact of these determinants was checked on intentions of
employees to share explicit and implicit knowledge. This study is quantitative in its nature and data collection
was made by using convenient sampling technique. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data to get
results.
Anticipated extrinsic rewards, sense of self-worth, and organization based self-esteem showed negative impact
on intentions to share explicit knowledge. While anticipated reciprocal relationships and organizational
climate were found to be positively affecting the intentions to share explicit knowledge in telecom companies
of Faisalabad.