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Impact of public expenditure on economic growth: a case study of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Ijaz Hussain

Department

Department of Economics

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

Institute Type

Public

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

2014

Degree End Year

2017

Subject

Economics

Language

English

Other

CD is also available at PG Library

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676711030185

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فضولِ خرچی ایک برائی

فضول خرچی ایک برائیفضول خرچی ایک برائی
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز سامعین اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’فضول خرچی ایک برائی ‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
دولت اگر حلال ذرائع سے میسر آجائے تو وہ ایک نعمت غیر مترقبہ سے کم نہیں ہے، دولت کے حصول کی خاطر انسان شب وروز ایک کر دیتا ہے، دن رات محنت کرتا ہے، انتھک جدوجہد کرتا ہے، غیر معمولی مساعی کرتا ہے، اس کی جملہ توانائیاں صرف اور صرف اس مقصد کی خاطر صرف ہوجاتی ہیں اور پھر ایک وقت ایسا آتا ہے کہ وہ شہر خاموشاں کا رخ کر لیتا ہے۔
محترم صدر!
مال و دولت کمانے کے لیے خون پسینہ ایک کرنا پڑتا ہے اور خواہ کتنا خرماں نصیب ہے وہ شخص جو اللہ تعالیٰ کے اس انعام کو بے دریغ خرچ کرتا ہے۔ لہو و لعب میں اپنی کمائی ضائع کر دیتا ہے۔ عیش وعشرت میں زندگی گزارتا ہے اور اس طرح اس کے لمحات حیات گزرتے رہتے ہیں۔ فضول خرچ انسان نہ صرف اپنا نقصان کرتا ہے بلکہ اپنے خویش و اقارب کے لیے سم قاتل ثابت ہوتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے کہ بے شک فضول خرچ شیطان کے بھائی ہوتے ہیں اسی طرح دیگر مقام پر آیا ہے کہ شیطان انسان کا کھلا دشمن ہے اور دشمن کا بھائی بھی دوست نہیںہوسکتا اس سے بھلائی کی توقع نہیں کی جاسکتی اور پھر مسلمان ہونے کے ناتے فضول خرچی نہ صرف عیب ہے بلکہ گناہ بھی ہے اور مسلمان کبھی گناہ کو پسند نہیں کرتا۔ ہمیشہ ایسے ذرائع استعمال کرتا ہے کہ جس سے اس کو سکون میسر آئے اور روحانی تازگی نصیب ہو، فضول خرچ بھی طمانیت...

Cultural Linkages Between the People of Sindh and Japan

Japan and the land of present Pakistan had cultural linkages since ages. Sindh has remained important part of this land. The Indus civilization had trade links with other countries including Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations. This trend continued afterwards, and trade relations were established between people of Sindh and Japan in the nineteenth century. This interaction led both the countries to have cultural linkages. Presently many Sindhis are residing in Japan who have adopted Japanese culture besides maintaining their own cultural traditions and customs. Sindhi poetry adopted Japanese Haiku and ‘Safarnamas’ were written in Sindhi language grasping the living and traditions, etc. Of Japan. This research paper also discusses that both countries’ people have similar style of sitting together and exchange of opinions and happenings of the day which is traditionally called ‘Katchehry’ in Sindh.

Exploration of Anthelmintic, Antidiabetic and Anticancer Potential of in Vitro Cultures of Cichorium Intybus L. , Peganum Harmala L. and Withania Somnifera L. Dun.

The present study deals with the phytochemical analyses and determination of antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic and anticancer potential of in vitro plant tissue and callus culture extracts of Cichorium intybus L., Peganum harmala L. and Withania. somnifera (L.) Dun. Maximum seed germination was observed in P. harmala seeds. Explants such as hypocotyl and cotyledon from in vitro seedlings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators for callus induction. The most successful culture media were 0.05 TDZ + 0.5 NAA mg/L, 0.05 TDZ + 0.5 IBA mg/L and 0.05 TDZ + 0.5 BAP mg/L for callus induction of C. intybus, P. harmala and W. somnifera two for each respectively. Four different solvents depending upon polarity were used for extraction of explant tissues and callus cultures. Maximum percentage yield was recorded in chloroform extract of cotyledon callus cultures of C. intybus followed by chloroform extract of hypocotyl callus of P. harmala and cotyledon callus of W. somnifera respectively. Phytochemical analyses of extracts indicated the presence of valuable phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, reducing sugars and terpenoids. Antimicrobial potential was tested against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani). Maximum inhibition zones were recorded in methanol extracts of P. harmala and C. intybus hypocotyl callus culture against B. subtilis and E. coli respectively followed by chloroform and methanol extracts. Anthelmintic test showed that methanol extract of cotyledon callus culture of P. harmala exhibited considerable anthelmintic potential. Antidiabetic potential of methanol extracts of callus cultures was evaluated by using rabbits as experimental organisms. The extract of C. intybus hypocotyl callus culture showed maximum decrease in blood sugar level followed by the W. somnifera cotyledon callus culture in streptozotocin induced diabetic rabbits. Anticancer activity was conducted through HTC116 human colon cancer cell lines cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium. Methanol extract of P. harmala hypocotyl callus cultures showed highest anticancer potential followed by chloroform extract of hypocotyl callus culture of C. intybus. It can be concluded that callus cultures of the plants selected for study hold auspicious ethno-pharmacological effectiveness and in vitro biomass production may be helpful for biodiversity conservation