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Design And Implementation Of Different Control Schemes For Dc Motor Drive System

Thesis Info

Author

Mr Abdul Salam

Supervisor

Saima Hafeez

Department

Department of Electronic Engineering

Institute

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Subject

Electronic Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729105110

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نوکر جدوں تیک رہیا ہاں

نوکر جدوں تیک رہیا ہاں
تیرے ہو نزدیک رہیا ہاں
عمر نہیں اینویں ضائع کیتی
تیری وچ اڈیک رہیا ہاں
کرچی کرچی ہوئی روح نوں
درداں نال دھریک رہیا ہاں
اوسے در دا خادم ہاں میں
اوتھوں منگ دا بھیک رہیا ہاں
جس رستے تے مجنوں ٹریا
اوہو لبھدا، لیک رہیا ہاں
غیراں نوں میں دُکھ دِتے نیں
تیرے نال تے ٹھیک رہیا ہاں

قانون اسلامی میں تعزیر کے جواز اور اس کے طرق تنفیذ کا تحقیقی جائزہ

This article investigates the notion of ta’z┘r (discretionary punishments in Islamic law) by comparing and contrasting it with the concept of hadd (fixed punishments in Islamic law). Deterrence of crimes is the main objective of any legal system in the world and different punishments are prescribed for this very purpose by all legal systems. Hence, this article explains the meaning and definition of ta’z┘r first, followed by the basis of its permissibility in the Quran and Sunnah, its types and modes of implementation etc. The article also elaborates the extent of ta’z┘r in different cases and crimes. The permissibility of pardoning in ta’z┘r as against hadd is also explained while the article concludes with presenting the main findings of the study.

Modification and Characterization of Wild and Commercial Gums for Their Pharmaceutical Potential

The present study was conducted to investigate the pharmaceutical potential of wild and commercial gums. After the process of purification, Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia modesta were selected for the present research among the eight initially selected gums. For the use of gum as binder in tablet the physiochemical characteristics such as pH, fluorescence analysis, swelling index and rheological studies were determined. Both selected gums were acidic in nature. D. sissoo and A. modesta showed light brown and creamy color in fluorescent analysis, respectively. The viscosity measurements were made by the rheological analysis and D. sissoo and A. modesta provide different rheological pattern. The aqueous solution of crude A. modesta was more viscous than D. sissoo. Carbohydrates were present in high concentrations determined through proximate and biochemical analysis. The elemental profiles of crude gums were studied by the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and significant number of elements was recorded. Crude gums exhibited a number of drawbacks in their application that can be overcome by hydrolyzed and modified to improve the functional properties of biopolymers. The selected gum were hydrolyzed (acidic, basic and enzymatic) and modified (polyacrylamide grafting and carboxymethylation).The antioxidant activities of crude, hydrolyzed and modified gums were determined and the selected samples exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The antimicrobial, toxicological studies viz. antimutagenic and hemolytic analyses were performed. All the tested gums samples exhibit good antibacterial activity. All samples were found non-mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, and did not show significant hemolytic activity. The structural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscope, 12 thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning colorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction. The change in viscosity after hydrolysis and modification was analyzed by performing the flow test. There was a decrease in viscosity of crude gum after hydrolysis and modification. Gum based silver-nanoparticles were prepared on the basis of green chemistry principle and possess important microbial applications. Nanoparticles prepared by using both gum showed synergistic high antibacterial activity. The potential of D. sissoo and A. modesta to be used as tablet binder was determined. Bulk and tapped density, hausner’s ratio and carr’s index of the prepared granules were studied. After the formation of tablets, the weight uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time and drug release were determined. Hydroxypropyl Methycellulose (HPMC) is used as standard binder. The prepared tablets using gums showed faster and slower dissolution profiles in the same dissolution system. The crude gums have the highest dissolution rate. While the dissolution rate was decreased in the case of modified and hydrolyzed gum samples. The crude gums showing slower release can be useful in sustained release tablets as release controlling polymer / viscoslysing agent. And the hydrolyzed and modified gums having faster release rate are helpful in conventional tablet formulation. The current research comprehensively explored the selected gums for their application as biobinder as well as matrix for nanoparticles studies. In future, these results of selected gum may be used in pharmaceutical field on the pilot or industrial scale as biobinder and other applications like prebiotic for probiotics and green material for nanoscience etc.