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Pc Based Dc Motor Cotrol

Thesis Info

Author

Shazai Zainab Shaikh

Supervisor

Bhawani Shankar Chowdhary

Department

Department of Electronic Engineering

Institute

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology

Institute Type

Private

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2000

Subject

Electronic Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729180277

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خواجہ عشرت لکھنوی

خواجہ عشرت لکھنوی
افسوس ہے ہماری بزم ادب وشعر طرزقدیم کے اساتذہ شعروسخن سے خالی ہوتی جارہی ہے اورجویہاں سے جاتاہے اپناقائم مقام چھوڑ کرنہیں جاتا۔چند مہینے ہوئے خواجہ عشرت لکھنوی جوبیگماتی اورٹکسالی زبان لکھنے میں اپنی دوایک ہی نظیریں رکھتے تھے، داغ مفارقت دے گئے تھے کہ اب اردو کے ایک مشہور استاد سخن حضرت احسنؔ مارہروی کے انتقال پرمُلال کی خبر آئی ہے۔

 

الاختلاف في التفسيرحقيقته وأنواعه دراسة تحليلية نظرية

Allah revealed the Noble Qur'an To His prophet (PBUH) and that is an evidence for the truthfulness of his prophet hood. Allah make a special sequence in this book and he taken the responsibility of its protection, there are scholar whom devoted their lives for the understanding and explanation of the meaning of this Noble book, So All of these Scholar’s explained the verses of Qur'an by their vision, level of understanding, thinking and keeping in view the demands of the place and time. That is the reason that we are finding their different views in the interpretation of Qur'an. In this Article discussed these types of differences and its kinds that we may understand the reality of these various opinions in Tafseer. That these are just the differences in words or there is contradiction in real in their views?

Computational Intelligence Based Secure Clustering Techniques for Vehicular Adhoc Networks

VANETs, an application of MANETs, enable ITS using IEEE 802.11p standard which is in favor of DSRC specifically designed for WAVE scenario. VANETs establish communication among vehicles (V2V) and road side infrastructure (V2I); while V2I communication using IEEE 802.11a/b/g standard. In VANETs vehicles, road side entities disseminate FSAMs about road conditions and other vital circumstances to ensure safety and avoid losses of precious lives and property. As in VANETs system vehicles move with high speed, so due to high mobility environment and topology also changes with time. In VANETs system accurate and on time delivery/reception of FSAMs is highly important to withstand against maliciously inserted security threats affectively. Hence, there is no optimum routing protocols which ensure on time delivery of FSAMs to destination. Due to frequent alteration in VANETs topology path failure, inter vehicle distance change and malicious node penetration may also result. So absolutely optimum protocols for secured delivery of packets exchange is still challenging. Clustering for VANETs is extremely beneficial but stability of existing clustering algorithms for VANETs exhibit poor robustness due to their dynamic nature. In this thesis, a new clustering algorithm is presented for VANETs by the name of moth flame optimization-driven, reproducing the social behavior and hunting approach of moth flames in designing proficient clusters. Due to the random range of VANETs, stability is a major area of research which has gained much attention. The main idea of presented algorithm is extracted from the living routine of moth flames. Presented algorithm permits well-organized communication by generating the amplified number of clusters and their unsupervised working make it as intelligent. Intelligent Clustering using Moth Flame Optimization (ICMFO) scheme is accomplished for determining and optimizing the clustering issues in VANETs; the primary focus of which is to enhance the stability in such networks. ICMFO is then validated by comparison with two other existing variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), i-e; Multiple-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Comprehensive Learning PSO (CLPSO) and one existing scheme of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) known as Ant Colony Optimization Based clustering algorithm for VANET (CACONET). Simulation results demonstrate that ICMFO is providing optimal results in comparison to existing techniques. It is also cleared from the proposed work results of different researchers, that there is no such protocols that is best suited for clustering as well as security implication in VANETs. Different routing schemes have different conduct performance metrics. In our thesis we concentrated and inspected different routing protocols. We have also presented a new security based scheme named ARV2V; and compared its results with existing techniques which are Trust and Logistic Trust in terms of TCE, EED, ALD and NRO. The scheme has presented security implication in our clustering based scheme ICMFO. In terms of TCE, ARV2V is 11.6% and 7.3% efficient than LT and Trust respectively. In terms of EED, we found ARV2V 57.6% performance 5.2% better than LT, also Trust schemes met 52.4% more delay than LT.Similarly, in term of ALD ARV2V provides 29.7% and 7.8% more stable link duration than Trust and LT respectively, however LT has 21.9% proficient ALD than Trust. ARV2V protocol have 27.5% and 14% lesser load than Trust and LT respectively in terms of NRO, while Trust has approximately 13% more NRO than LT.