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The Shariyyah Status of the Authority in Islamic States.

Thesis Info

Author

Marghoob Alam

Supervisor

Muhammad Tahir Malik

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

Institute Type

Public

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Degree End Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Islamic Learning

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729252175

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مولانامحمد علی جوہرؔ

مولانا محمد علی
ماتم یہ زمانہ میں بپا ’’تیرے‘‘ لیے ہے
مولانا محمد علی نے ۱۴؍ شعبان ۱۳۴۹؁ھ مطابق ۴؍ جنوری ۱۹۳۱؁ء کو تریپن ۵۳ برس کی عمر میں لندن میں وفات پائی، اس مسافر نے غالبؔ کے اس مصرع کو اپنے شعر میں دہرا کر اپنی مسافرانہ موت کی آپ پیش گوئی کی تھی۔
مارا دیارِ غیر میں مجھ کو وطن سے دور
افسوس وہ پر درد آواز جو ۱۹۱۱؁ء سے ۱۹۳۰؁ء تک ہندوستان اور دنیائے اسلام کے ہر قیامت آفرین سانحہ میں صدائے صور بن کر بلند ہوتی رہی، ہمیشہ کے لیے خاموش ہوگئی، وہ بیقرار دل جو اسلام اور مسلمانوں کی ہر مصیبت کے وقت بیتاب ہوجاتا تھا، اور اوروں کو بیتاب کرتا تھا، دریغا کہ قیامت تک کے لیے ساکن ہوگیا، وہ اشک آلود آنکھیں جو دین و ملت کے ہر ماتم میں آنسوؤں کا دریا بن جاتی تھیں، حسرتاکہ ان کی روانی ہمیشہ کے لیے بند ہوگئی، وہ مترنم لب جوہر بزم میں خوشنوا بلبل بن کر چہکتے تھے، ان کے ترانے اب ہمارے کان نہ سنیں گے، وہ آتشیں زبان جو ہر رزم میں تیغ برّاں بن کر چمکتی تھی اس کی تابش اب کسی معرکہ میں ہماری آنکھوں کو نظر نہ آئے گی، وہ پرجوش سینہ جو ہمارے مصائب کے پہاڑوں کو سیلاب بن کر بہالے جاتا تھا، اس کا تلاطم ہمیشہ کے لیے تھم گیا، وہ پرزوردست و بازو جو شب و روز کی خدمت گذاری اور نبرد آزمائی میں مصروف تھے، وہ اب ایسے تھکے کہ پھر نہ اٹھیں گے، اور افسوس کہ شکست خوردہ فوج کا وہ آخری سپاہی جو اعدا کے نرغہ میں تنہا لڑرہا تھا، آخر زخموں سے چور ہوکر ایسا گرا کہ پھر کھڑا نہ ہوگا، الوداع! محمدعلی! الوداع! والسلامَ الیٰ یوم القیام۔
تو ملت کا عزادار تھا، حق ہے کہ ساری ملت تیری...

بشارة رسول اللہ بفتح السند والہند

The use of similes, metaphors, proverbs and idioms is given its due prestige in the annals of literature. To mention their use in the Islamic literature especially in the sayings of our Holy Prophet (PBUH) renders an ease and comfort in order to elaborate upon the Islamic teachings. It not only enhances interest but renders an inexplicable charm to explicate Islamic teachings so as to make them easy to comprehend. The use of figurative language enhances the rhythmic flow and charm of language and thus brings in a huge impact on literature. It is in this way that the proselytization task be done in an easy effective manners.

Aspects of Monolingual Urdu Learners Dictionary for Children

Dictionaries play an important role in the process of standardization of a language. Dictionaries are also used to elevate a language and to expand it. Compilation of a dictionary is an intricate process in itself. Once this process was Lexicographer’s oriented but now it is user oriented. English Lexicography has a long tradition and lexicographers are continuously making efforts to produce user friendly dictionaries. But situation is different as far as Urdu lexicography is concerned. The present study aimed at investigating the user perspective in Urdu Lexicography in Pakistan with special reference to children. In the first chapter, after giving a brief introduction to the present research, aims and objectives of this research are highlighted. Basically this study looks at four perspectives: to assess the needs of the target users, to evaluate the existing dictionaries and to propose the design features of a monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for children. During this process, we shall also look into the possibilities of collecting an Urdu Corpus as the basis of monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for children. In chapter 2, the researcher has discussed the role of dictionaries in language learning. Purpose of this discussion is to highlight the importance of dictionaries as language learning tool. Chapter 3 presents an overview of the researches done in the field of lexicography and an attempt is made to place the current research in the existing body of literature. In chapter 4, research methodology adopted for this research has been rationalized. As users’ perspective dominates this dissertation so it was necessary to investigate the specific needs of the children. The needs of the children are analyzed in chapter five and then in the next chapter selected monolingual Urdu dictionaries for children are analyzed in detail and a comparison is made between the needs of the users and the amount of information provided in these dictionaries. It was found that these dictionaries fail to fulfill the needs of the users. In chapter seven, an experiment conducted to check the effects of the use of a trial dictionary on students’ performance is described in detail. Results of the experiment showed that students performed better in comprehension test with the help of dictionaries. In the final chapter, a user friendly model of monolingual Urdu dictionaries for children has been presented and is explained with the help of some example entries. Possibilities of developing an Urdu corpus as the basis of a monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for children are also explored. This study is hoped to promote user friendly lexicographic practice for children in Urdu language. As users are the only judge to evaluate the effectiveness of a dictionary so this dissertation also suggests that users’ needs should be at the core of any lexicographic endeavor in the context of Urdu lexicography in Pakistan.