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The Suharwardiah Soofia Order in India and Its Implementation on the Area.

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Saeed

Supervisor

Jalaluddin Ahmed Noori

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Karachi

Institute Type

Public

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Degree End Year

1999

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Islamic Learning

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729252452

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وہ میرامان ہو جائے

وہ میرا مان ہو جائے
تو حاضر جان ہو جائے

اُداسی جان لیتی ہے
جو یار انجان ہو جائے

اگر وہ ہم سفر ٹھہرے
سفر آسان ہو جائے

ہوائیں مصر جاتی ہیں
جو دل کنعان ہو جائے

مجھے بھی سانس لینا ہے
تبسم دان ہو جائے

فضاؔ کے راستوں میں دل
گھڑی مہمان ہو جائے

Penerapan Keterampilan Proses Dasar Berbasis Lingkungan Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

Tujuan penelitian Perbaikan Pembelajaran ini untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar Pembelajaran matematika dengan penerapan pendekatan keterampilan proses dasar berbasis lingkungan kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil   Kabupaten Kerinci. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil   Kabupaten Kerinci berjumlah 16 orang Siswa. Prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan oleh peneliti berdasarkan model PTK yaitu kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang terdiri dari kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus dengan masing-masing siklus sebanyak 2 pertemuan. Pada siklus I aktivitas siswa diperoleh dengan rata-rata secara klasikal 62, 93% yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi Baik. Pada siklus 2 aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata persentase aktivitas siswa 71, 16% dengan kualifikasi baik. Artinya terdapat peningkatan 6, 23%. Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 dengan rata-rata yang diperoleh 60, 00 dengan kualifikasi cukup baik dan meningkat pada siklus 2 dengan rata-rata yang diperoleh 81, 94 dengan kualifikasi Baik. Artinya terdapat peningkatan sebanyak 21, 94. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan keterampilan proses dasar berbasis lingkungan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar pembelajaran matematika kelas VI SDN 156/III Tangil Kabupaten Kerinci.

Civil Aviation Laws in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis

Aviation is an important and vital means of transportation and trade. It is a growing industry and for sustainable growth it is important that air transportation be safe, and environmental-friendly. If the safety of aviation is compromised it will hamper the development of the industry and will have adverse effects on the lives of millions of people who are directly or indirectly employed by the industry. Moreover, transportation of passengers, cargo, and baggage will also be affected. Therefore, to ensure development, it is important to critically evaluate current aviation laws to find whether these are in accordance with contemporary realities and global needs. Similarly, the aviation industry in Pakistan is at the novice stage, but it is developing. It is thus imperative to ensure that aviation laws in Pakistan are in accordance with international aviation law, regulations, and policy for its safety and sustainable growth.In recent times, aviation in Pakistan faced many setbacks in the form of major aviation accidents that resulted in the loss of precious lives. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to review the domestic aviation laws in light of international obligations, and to identify loop-holes in the legal regime that pose threat to the safety of people and aircrafts. The existing aviation law, policy guidelines, and rules in Pakistan are analyzed in accordance with parameters laid down by the international aviation legal regime. To this end, not only different laws are examined, but also the investigation report of aviation accidents, and court cases are analyzed. Similarly, the structure and organization of the Civil Aviation Authority is studied to determine its independence that is necessary to ensure the full implementation of law. The main reason for carrying out this study is the lack of literature on Pakistani aviation laws. Environmental issues related to aviation are at the center of vigorous debates at many international aviation bodies. Different solutions are proposed that have been argued over the years to control and offset the emissions from aviation. In this study, the impact of aviation on environment and proposed solutions are analyzed to identify the best possible solutions that can ensure environmental protection and sustainable growth of the industry without causing extra burden on passengers or airlines. This study concludes that international aviation legal frameworks give enough liberty to states to make their own rules within the broader limits fixed by international law. However, there are some minimum safeguards and standards that are fixed by international law that are to be incorporated in domestic law and certain level of uniformity is necessary for the efficiency and coordination of aviation. Pakistan has incorporated most laws and rules in accordance with international obligations. However, the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan is not an independent body as recorded by international law, and extensive powers are entrusted to the Director General and the Federal Government that can hinder issues related to investigation and safety of aviation. Similarly, the international community is struggling to find the best solution to offset emission from aviation. Pakistan lags in this regard and has not enacted any law to curb such emissions nor to offset them. Furthermore, the amount of damages and compensation in case of injury, or death in aviation accidents is much lower than international standards. There are many shortcomings in the investigation process that hinder in achieving the very essence of aviation investigation. This study recommends that all lacunas be removed and laws be strictly implemented to ensure safety and sustainability of aviation. Aviation laws in Pakistan should be in accordance with international legal framework to ensure uniformity and thereby to guarantee the safety of aviation sector.