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Home > Relationship of Employer and Employee in Pakistani Industrial Laws: A Shariah Appraisal

Relationship of Employer and Employee in Pakistani Industrial Laws: A Shariah Appraisal

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Umar Khan

Supervisor

Muhammad Akbar Khan

Program

PhD

Institute

International Islamic University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Degree End Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Islamic Law & Jurisprudence

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729312865

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باتیں ’’خواب، خوشبو،آئینے‘‘ کی

باتیں ’’خواب، خوشبو،آئینے‘‘ کی

سماج میں خیالات و جذبات کے اظہار کیلئے بہت سے ذرائع موجود ہیں مگر کئی ذرائع ایسے ہیں جن میں ابلاغ زیادہ موثر نہیں ہے۔جیسا کہ سنگ تراشی اور تصویر کشی ہیں۔کیونکہ ان دونوں ذرائع میں فنکار اور دیکھنے والے کے نقطہ نظر میں بہت زیادہ اختلاف رائے کی گنجائش ہوتی ہے۔ہر کوئی فنکار کی سوچ تک رسائی نہیں رکھتااس لیے سماج میں ان ذرائع کو کم ہی استعمال میں لایا جاتا ہے۔البتہ شاعری ایسا موثر ذریعہ ہے جس میں شاعر اپنا نقطہ نظر بہت کم الفاظ اور وقت میں دوسروں تک پہنچا سکتا ہے اس لیے ہمیں سماج میں چہار سو شاعری کا راج نظر آتا ہے۔اسی ذریعہ سے محترمہ عظمت فردوس اسوہ نے اپنے خیالات کا اظہار کیا ہے اور اپنے خیالات کو ’’خواب خوشبو آئینے‘‘ کا نام دے کر ادب کو امیر بنانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔

اس مجموعہ کلام میں ایک نعت ،مدح مرشد،مدح غالب و جالب،ایک نظم ’’ماں‘‘ قطعات،فردیات اور غزلیات پڑھنے والے کی دلچسپی کا باعث ہیں۔محترمہ اسوہ نے اپنے کلام میں جن موضوعات پر قلم چلائی ہے۔اسکا مختصر جائزہ کچھ اس طرح سے ہے۔

شاعرہ نے شاعری کی روایت سے انحراف کرتے ہوئے اس مجموعہ کلام کو اپنے مرشد کی مدح بیان کرکے شروع کیا ہے۔مگر انہوں نیمدحیہ اشعار پر کوئی موضوع نہیں لکھا۔لکھتی ہیں کہ میرے مرشد نے مجھے سیدھے رستے سے روشناس کیا اور آج میں جو کچھ بھی ہوں اپنے مرشد کی نظر کرم کی بدولت ہوں۔

مجھ کو مرشد نے حق شناس کیا

سیدھے رستے سے روشناس کیا

ان کی نظر کرم ہے بس اسوہؔ

مجھ سی بندی کو اتنا خاص کیا(ص11)

حضور پاکﷺکی ذات اقدس سے آپ...

Taṣawwuf in Islam

Sufism is an important branch of Islam. Sufism is nothing other than Islamic teachings.  Because of Sufism, human beings can correct their outward actions as well as inward actions. This requires a spiritual guide to achieve this goal. Without a spiritual guide, common man cannot reach this point. Therefore, the common man should have allegiance to a spiritual guide. Pledge is a Sunnah process. Some psychic and greedy people have joined the ranks of Sufism and have dropped the value ​​of Sufism and Taṣawwuf in the eyes of the people and have incorporated innovations within Sufism. The public became abhorrent from Sufism. That is why, Sufism itself was declared wrong. The fact is that there are some bad people in the Sufism. Those people are wrong but Sufism cannot be blamed for this. Sufism is present in other religions besides Islam. In order to understand Sufism, it is necessary to read the terms and conditions of this knowledge so that the reality of Sufism is revealed.

Petrology of Mansehra Granitic Complex, Hazara Area, Northwestern Himalaya, Pakistan

The Mansehra Granitic Complex (MGC) is mainly comprised of Mansehra Granite (MG), Hakale Granite (HG), microgranitic (MIG) and leucogranitic (LG) bodies along with pegmatites and aplites. Geochemical classification diagrams place these granites in the high calc-alkaline, quartz-rich, peraluminous granitoid field. The Mansehra Granite is a porphyritic and massive body that is locally foliated, whereas the Hakale Granite is sub-porphyritic to non-porphyritic pluton. The Susalgali Granite Gneiss is sheared Mansehra Granite. Harker’s variation diagrams show that MG and HG are derived from magmas of the common non- homogeneous source rock Tanawal Formation through fractional crystallization process in a closed system without considerable contamination. Field relationships, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the MGC reveal the peraluminous S-type nature of this Complex. The zircon saturation temperature of MG (749-852 oC), HG (709-779 oC), LG (749-754 oC) and MIG (692-696 oC) is comparable with crystallization temperatures of the peraluminous S-type Lesser Himalayan Indian granites (~670-817 oC). The geochemical characteristics of the MG revealed that the magma was probably generated through biotite dehydration melting of the metasediments of Tanawal Formation at pressure > 5 kbr and temperature > 700 oC, while HG melt was most likely originated at relatively shallower crustal level and lower temperature by muscovite fluid-absent melting of pelites. The occurrence of andalusite in the contact aureole of Mansehra Granite, association of perthitic microcline along negative Nb, Sr and Ti anomalies in spidergrams and higher Rb/Sr ratios in granitic rocks of the MGC may reveal the upper crustal signatures and low pressure shallow emplacement (< 15 km) of these bodies. The leucogranitic bodies associated with the MGC are most likely the products of Na 2 O-rich residual melt of the MG, whereas microgranites may have been derived from boron-rich residual magma of the HG by insurgent boiling and subsequent quenching. In the light of U-Pb zircon systematics of the MGC, a middle Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic age (ca. 1300-985 Ma) has been proposed for the granite protolith in Hazara area. Whereas, the inherited age components of ca. 985-920, vi880-800 and 690-500 Ma may be interpreted as the ages of post-depositional metamorphic fabric development in the source Tanawal Formation. U-Pb zircon dating of Lesser Himalayan granites also revealed inherited age components at ca. 980 ca. 800 Ma and ca. 700-500 Ma. The age segments of ca. 490 Ma, ca. 475 Ma and ca. 466 Ma (middle to upper Ordovician) represent the intrusive ages of the MG, LG and HG, respectively. The mean age of Mansehra Granite (ca. 480 Ma) is younger than the reported Rb/Sr age of 516±16 Ma (Le Fort et al., 1980). The U-Pb zircon systematics of Mansehra Granite is comparable with the reported Rb/Sr and U-Pb zircon ages of the Himalayan granites and gneisses. Moreover, the depletion of Ba, Sr, Nb and Ti in spidergrams of the MGC allows correlation with the early Paleozoic (500±25 Ma) Lesser Himalayan S-type granites. According to the similarity of mineralogical, geochemical, structural features and U-Pb zircon dating of the MGC (ca. 466-490 Ma) with the peraluminous S-type Himalayan granites, it may be assumed that Mansehra Complex is associated with the Pan African orogeny. However, convincing evidence is lacking. Hence, the genesis of MGC can be better explained by emplacement of Cambro- Ordovician granites along the northern margin of Gondwana.