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حفظان صحت کے قرآنی اصول اور مقاصد: تحقیقی مطالعہ

Thesis Info

Author

فیصل غوث

Supervisor

شعبہ علومِ اسلامیہ

Program

MA

Institute

University of Gujrat

Institute Type

Public

City

Gujrat

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

2012

Degree End Year

2014

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Language

Urdu

Keywords

طہارت ونظافت حفظانِ صحت اور اسلام
Personal Hygiene, Health Care & Islam

Added

2021-02-17 21:00:26

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676729694410

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مولانا عبدالسلام نیازی

مولانا عبدالسلام نیازی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں دہلی میں اسّی (۸۰) نوے(۹۰) برس کی عمرمیں مولانا عبدالسلام نیازی کابھی انتقال ہوگیا۔مولانا عجیب وغریب خصوصیات کے بزرگ تھے اورکم ازکم راقم کی نظر سے آج تک کبھی کوئی شخص اس انداز اورادا کا نہیں گزرا۔ صورت شکل کے لحاظ سے ڈاڑھی مونچھ صاف، دراز قامت، کسرتی اور دُہرابدن۔مگر منطق وفلسفہ میں درک وبصیرت اس درجہ کہ صدرا اور شمس بازغہ، حمداﷲ اورقاضی ناخنوں میں پڑی ہوئی۔قرآن سے غیر معمولی شغف ،حضور پُرنورؐ کے ساتھ عشق کایہ عالم کہ نامِ نامی زبان پرآیا نہیں کہ جی بھر آیا اورآنکھیں نم ہو گئیں۔ زورِ تقریر وخطابت اس بلا کاکہ فقرہ فقرہ پرفصاحت وبلاغت صدقہ۔ عرفیؔ، جامیؔاورخاقانیؔ وغیرہم کے ہزاروں اشعار برنوکِ زبان، جھوم جھوم کر پڑھتے اوران کی تشریح کرتے تھے ۔اقلیدس سے حضورؐ کی ختمِ نبوت کے اثبات پر جب تقریر کرتے تھے تواﷲ اکبر! جوش وخروش اورزور وروانی کاکیا منظر ہوتاتھا! محسوس ہوتاتھا کہ ہر شے پر سکتہ طاری ہوگیااور دم بخود ہوکر رہ گئی ہے۔ خود داری اور استغنا اس درجہ کاکہ سراکبر حیدری ایسے لوگ آتے تھے اوریہ شخص تعظیم تک کے لیے کھڑا نہ ہوتا تھا۔ ہمیشہ مجرد رہے۔ عطربناکر گزربسر کرتے تھے۔تحفہ یا نذرانہ قلیل ہویاکثیر، امیر پیش کرے یاغریب کبھی ہرگز قبول نہیں کرتے تھے، اور اگر کبھی کوئی اصرار کرتاتھا توغصّہ میں بھبک کراُس کونہایت مغلظ گالیاں دینے لگتے تھے ۔نماز بے حد خشوع وخضوع سے پڑھتے اورتہجد تک کی پابندی کرتے تھے کبھی کسی کے مکان پرنہیں گئے، ہمیشہ خانہ نشین رہے۔ الھمّ اغفرلہ وارحمہ۔ [جولائی ۱۹۶۶ء]

 

Glucose Insulin Ratio in Hyper Insulinemic Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objectives: To determine and compare glucose-insulin ratio in hyper-insulinemic women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and healthy controls. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital. A total of 80 women 24-35 years of age were recruited from Lahore General Hospital. 50 women had PCOS, and 30 were healthy controls. PCOS was diagnosed by using the Rotterdam criteria. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Glucose and insulin were estimated by the glucose oxidase method and ELISA, respectively. HOMA-IR was calculated to determine insulin resistance (IR). HOMA- β was calculated to assess the β-cell function. Fasting glucose and insulin ratio were also calculated. Results: Mean age of the women with PCOS and healthy controls was 29.89±3.54 and 28.60±1.12 years, respectively (p>0.54). BMI and waist circumference of women with PCOS were higher compared to healthy controls (p>0.45). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA- β, and IR were significantly higher in women with PCOS compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Conclusion: In addition to HOMA IR, the glucose-insulin ratio may be considered to assess hyperinsulinemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Development and Testing of Photoanode Materials for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

This thesis describes the purposeful fabrication of TiO2 photoanode based dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and their detailed characterization. The aim was to investigate the structural function relationship of the photoanode on the photovoltaic performance of the devices. The hierarchical anatase TiO2 microspheres (Tmic) and nanoparticles (Tnano), with an average particle size of 0.38 µm and 20 nm, were synthesized by low cost solution and hydrothermal methods, respectively. Highly screen printable pastes of the Tmic and Tnano have been developed to prepare bifunctional films, with increased light scattering and large surface area, for the solar cells. These advantageous properties of TiO2 microspheres were evidenced by the evaluation of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical characterization. In the DSCs, these films lead to a 32% increase in conversion efficiencies when compared to those with the films of TiO2 nanoparticles only. The efficiency was further improved by TiCl4 post-treatment. In the second part of the study, the anatase TiO2 microspheres were annealed at elevated temperature of 500 oC and 900 oC for one hour in order to obtain highly crystalline and phase pure anatase and rutile TiO2 microspheres, respectively. These microspheres were used as the upper light scattering layer in a double layered structure with Tnano as the lower dye sensitization layer in anatase phase. Remarkable improvement of 48 % and 58 % in the power conversion efficiency was recorded for anatase and rutile microspherical TiO2 scattering layers respectively, in comparison to the devices having no scattering layer composition. In particular, the performance of rutile TiO2 microspheres as light scattering layer was quite high (6.3 %) due its high refractive index (2.79) than the anatase phase (2.54). Thirdly, to further improve the efficiency of the DSCs based on double layered photoanodes, the compact blocking layers were introduced beneath the absorber layer. The blocking layers of TiO2 and ZnO/TiO2 were deposited on FTO surface by electrostatic layer by layer deposition method at room temperature. These blocking layers physically blocked the access of redox electrolyte and retarded the electron back reaction at FTO/meso-TiO2/electrolyte interface.A considerable increase in electron life time (18 ms to 42 ms) was observed with these DSCs which resulted in larger short circuit current densities and higher overall power conversion efficiencies up to 9.0 %. In the fourth part of investigation, the results of differently modified pastes, using commercial TiO2 nanoparticles as the major component, have been presented. The focus iii was on the optimization of the concentration of binders and the rheological agents to develop high quality screen printed TiO2 films. The properties discussed include the porosity, cracks and aggregates, connectivity of the particles, their strong adherence to FTO surface, charge transport, and the dye uptake ability. Among the various pastes, the best paste was utilized for the screen printed photoanodes, to optimize the film thickness and the annealing temperature. The best photovoltaic performance was achieved with three layers of commercial TiO2 film of 15 µm thickness and annealed at 500oC. Finally, in the light of findings of the present research work and overall literature review, the worldly established overall certified power conversion efficiency (13%) achieved by DSCs at laboratory scale and submodule level so far in comparison to other competent solar cell technologies have been summarized.Further, the prospect of future development of DSCs to become industrially mature technology has been presented by analyzing the different challenges that needs to be carefully controlled.