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حضرت موسی علیہ السلام قرآن و بائبل کی روشنی میں

Thesis Info

Author

نسیم احمد

Supervisor

محمود سلطان کھوکھر

Department

شعبہ علوم اسلامیہ

Program

MA

Institute

Bahauddin Zakariya University

Institute Type

Public

City

Multan

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Degree Starting Year

1993

Degree End Year

1995

Language

Urdu

Keywords

یہودیت ، اسلام اور یہودیت
Judaism, Islam and Judaism

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676709265018

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82. Al-Infitar/Tearing Apart

82. Al-Infitar/Tearing Apart

I/We start by the Blessed Name of Allah

The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.

82:01
a. The time when the celestial realm will tear apart,

82:02
a. and when the stars/planets will scatter and begin to fall off,

82:03
a. and when the seas/oceans will be made to burst by massive earthquakes and cause a series
of tsunami floods,

82:04
a. and when the graves will be overturned with their burdens of lifeless human bodies,

82:05
a. then every person will know what it did of the good and evil and had sent forward and what it had left behind.

82:06
a. O The People!
b. What is it that lured you away to disbelief from your Gracious Rabb - The Lord in spite of HIS Graciousness and Generosity?

82:07
a. HE is the One WHO created you out of nothingness and without a precedence,
b. then shaped you and proportioned you,

82:08
a. and shaped you in whatever form HE pleased,
b. and configured your composition accordingly.

82:09
a. But no!
b. Even then you deny and belie the reality of the Time of Final Judgment.

82:10
a. You do so while there are ever-watchful angels over you, recording your deeds, speech and dealings,

Surah 82 * Al-Infitar 719

82:11
a. - noble, honorable recorders,

82:12
a. aware of exactly whatever you do and whatever you did.

82:13
a. And, indeed, the righteous will be in bliss of Paradise,

82:14

Pleasure versus Virtue Ethics in The Light of Aristotelians and the Utilitarianism of John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham

The question of the end of morality is certainly as old as moral speculation itself. It is this question that prompted Aristotle speculating on moral or character virtue. Moral question is properly a human question since only human beings are expected to act in a given way and are subject to praise and reward or blame and punishment. We should remember that also God and angels are expected to act in a given way, but that would, strictly speaking, be the subject of moral theology and revelation, since without revelation depending only on reason, we cannot examine the acts of God and angels in order to determine how they should act. In short, it is only human beings who can be judged to act morally or immorally if we depend only on human reason, without the support of revelation. In the whole work, Stuart Mills and Jeremy Bentham stick on happiness, though each differ in approaches. Consequentialists are after the greatest happiness of the greatest number, by advocating on the struggle to that which may make man happy and avoid evil by all means. Aristotle on his side is on eudaimonism, where man is found to be happy but moral happy. Happiness for Aristotle should be reasonable, morally good and means should be maintained. This research is analytical by nature, where both qualitative and analytical methods have been implemented throughout the work. The work has been successful though some challenges could not be avoided. Finally, in doing or acting, man should observe virtue; and this is always doing good and avoiding evil.  

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis, Hematological and Serum Biochemical Profile in Sheep in Multan and Khanewal Districts Punjab Pakistan

The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, hematological and serum biochemical changes in sheep naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and compared between T. gondii positive and negative sheep in Multan and Khanewal districts, Punjab (Pakistan). Blood samples were collected from 500 sheep and T. gondii antibodies were tested by latex agglutination test (LAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Information related to hosts and herds were recorded on questionnaire basis such as gender, age of animals, aborted or non-aborted sheep, cats association with herd, method of disposing aborted fetuses and herd size. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep was 33.6% by latex agglutination test (LAT) and 27.4% by ELISA (P-value = 0.033, OR = 1.341, 95 % CI = 1.023, 1.757). The area wise prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 34.02% and 33. 01 % by LAT (P-value = 0.813, OR = 1.031, 95 % CI = 0.802, 1.324) in Multan and Khanewal and 28.12 % and 26.41 % by ELISA (P-value = 0.672, OR = 1.065, 95 % CI = 0.796, 1.424) in Multan and Khanewal respectively. Difference was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was compared between aborted and non-aborted sheep and according to these results infection rate was 51.66% and 31.10% in aborted and non-aborted sheep by LAT (P-value = 0.002, OR = 1.661, 95 % CI = 1.248, 2.211) and 41.66 % and 26.22% in aborted and non-aborted sheep by ELISA (P-value = 0.013, OR = 1.589, 95 % CI = 1.128, 2.238) respectively. Difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) by both techniques. The relationship between sex of sheep and toxoplasmosis showed that infection was 31.37% and 33.85 % by LAT (P-value = 0.722, OR = 0.927, 95 % CI = 0.605, 1.419) in males and females respectively. Similarly prevalence was 19.6 % and 28.28% by ELISA (P-value = 0.188, OR = 0.693, 95 % CI = 0.390, 1.232) in males and females respectively. The prevalence was higher in females than males and difference was statistically non-significant (P>0.05) by both techniques. The prevalence of T. gondii was compared between different age groups and according to these findings infection rate was higher in age group 60-73 months (64.5% and 38.7%) and lowest in age group 4-17 months (26.4% and 22.4%) by LAT (P-value = 0.001) and ELISA (P-value = 0.404). Difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) by LAT and non-significant (P>0.05) by ELISA. Risk factors associated with prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep were also studied and according to these results a large flock size, presence of cats, and the aborted fetuses openly left on ground were all statistically significant (P≤0.05) risk factors that were positively associated with prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep flocks. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were studied between T. gondii positive and negative sheep and according to these results mean values of haemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, AST, ALT and LDH were 9.5 ± 2.6 g/dL, 50.6 ± 11.3 mg/dL, 211.6 ± 79.6 mg/dL, 216.4 ± 144.4 U/L, 79.0 ± 64.1 U/L, 613.9 ± 297.2 U/L in T. gondii positive sheep by LAT and 9.9 ± 3.1 g/dL, 52.3 ± 11.3 mg/dL, 198.5 ± 73.6 mg/dL, 209.44 ± 629.3 U/L, 98.7 ± 228.7 U/L, 578.3 ± 292.9 U/L in T. gondii negative sheep respectively. Similarly mean values of haemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, AST, ALT and LDH were 9.5 ± 2.5 g/dL, 50.6 ± 11.3 mg/dL, 214.6 ± 79.9 mg/dL, 217.3 ± 140.7 U/L, 77.8 ± 66.4 U/L, 606.8± 291.5 U/L in T. gondii positive sheep by ELISA and 9.9 ± 3.1 g/dL, 52.3 ± 11.2 mg/dL, 198.4± 73.8 mg/dL, 209.6 ± 605.1 U/L, 97.6 ± 219.8 U/L, 583.8 ± 295.7 U/L in T. gondii negative sheep respectively. Hemoglobin, glucose and ALT concentration was lower in T. gondii positive sheep as compared to T. gondii negative sheep. Cholesterol, AST and LDH concentration was higher in T. gondii positive sheep than T. gondii negative sheep. Haemoglobin, Glucose, AST, ALT and LDH values varied statistically non-significantly (P>0.05) between T. gondii positive and negative sheep whereas cholesterol level varied statistically significantly (P<0.05) between T. gondii positive and negative sheep. In conclusion, cholesterol level was found higher in sheep infected with toxoplasmosis which may lead to certain complications including coronary artery diseases, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hemorrhage and vascular thrombosis in infected sheep. T. gondii is a blood parasite which can cause abortion, fetal death, stillbirth, neonatal death in sheep which can lead toward economic losses such as reduction in fur, wool, meat, milk and other dairy products etc. The results indicated the overall high rates of seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep that warranted the threat to public health especially farmers and abattoir workers via zoonotic transmission of toxoplasmosis. Keeping in view, the medical and veterinary importance of T. gondii it is recommended that human population (especially farmers and abattoir workers), other livestock species and stray cats present in study area must also be screened for the Toxoplasma infection in the public interest.