پہلا ستارہ
آفتاب نواب
کسی بھی فنکار کے فنی سفر کا پہلا قدم اظہار کے میڈیم کی تلاش ہے۔ اس مرحلے کا طے ہونا جز ثابت ذہنی سے تفکر کے ممکن نہیں۔ ڈاکٹر فہد ملک اس مرحلے پر مبارک باد کے مستحق ہیںکہ وہ اپنے اظہار کا ذریعہ تلاش کرنے میں کامیاب ہو چکے ہیں۔ کسی بھی زبان میں شعر اس وقت تخلیق ہوتا ہے جب وہ اتنی طاقت ور ہو چکی ہو کہ اس کے پاس رمز و ایما کے تمام وسائل آچکے ہوں اور آدمی تب شعر کہہ سکتا ہے جب اس کے اندر رمز و ایما سما سکتے ہوں، پک سکتے ہوں اور لفظوں میں ڈھل سکتے ہوں۔ فہد ملک رمز و ایما کی طرف سفر پر نکلے۔ اس کتاب میں آپ کی ملاقات جس فہد ملک سے ہو گی وہ انسان کو سہل نہیں جانتا۔ محبت کو سچے جذبے سے تعبیر کرتا ہے۔ اخلاص و رواداری ،حریت، سماجی جدلیات اور انسان کی باطنی کیفیات پر غور کرتا ہے۔ فنکار اپنی کائنات خود بناتا ہے اور فہد نے اپنے کائنات شعر میں بنانے کا فیصلہ کیا ہے جس کا پہلا ستارہ یہ کتاب ہے۔
اس کتاب میں کرافٹ کی طرف متوجہ ہونے ، فکر کو خاص سطح تک لے جانے کی کاوش کے نقوش ملتے ہیں۔ اس امر کو مدِ نظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ کہا جاسکتا ہے کہ فہد ملک آئندہ وقت کا دل پذیر صاحبِ سخن ہے۔
The Muslims of today are overwhelmed and subjugated all over the world due to the bad intensions of colonizers. They are now called the oppressed people in the world. Especially the Muslims of Palestine are the main target of these colonialists, as Palestine is the controversial issue between the Muslims, Christians and Jews. It is the holy and sacred place for all of them. The Jews consider this place as their birthright and also due to their political and social self-interests they always tried to get their hold there by the oppression of Palestinian Muslims. The illegal Israeli (jews) state in Jerusalem is constantly oppressing the Muslims of Palestine. Due to this oppression these Palestinian Muslims are also called the oppressed people in the world. Today this problem of oppression in Palestine is more surpassing. Israeli (jews) people are persistently killing and forcing the muslims to leave this country. Palestinians are now immigrants and seekinf refuge from different countries but unhappily they are also in trouble and in pathetic condition. They are just helpless and even deprived of their basic rights. Keeping in view this scenario, in this article a brief review is given about the history and the present situation of oppression on Palestinian Muslims
Pulp and paper industry is well known for employing a massive amount of fresh water as well as producing large quantities of wastewater. The wastewater from paper and pulp industry contains high strength organic and inorganic pollution which has the potential to deteriorate the environment and have adverse effects on human health and water receiving bodies. The conventional treatment processes are less efficient to remove persistent organic compounds like colour, COD, lignin and other organic pollutants from paper and pulp wastewater. This research presents the advanced treatment of real wastewater by optimizing operational parameters like initial pH of wastewater, ozone dose, catalyst dose, catalyst stability, the initial concentration of COD in wastewater and reaction time. Three types of catalysts including natural zeolite (NZ), activated carbon (AC) and alumina (Al) were used. The advanced oxidation processes (O3/UV, O3/NZ, O3/AC, O3/Al) were used to treat real wastewater (black liquor) from the paper industry. Three main parameters (COD, colour, and TOC) were selected to investigate the performance of said processes. The reason behind this selection was that if we control these parameters in wastewater then other parameters (in the form of pollution) automatically decreases and this will result in cost and time-saving in the process. Catalysts were prepared under optimal conditions and their characterization was performed by considering adsorption properties, morphology, and chemical structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the physical and chemical aspects of the catalyst structure. FTIR analysis presents catalysts typical profile and presence of different functional groups. BET analysis showed surface properties (pore size, pore volume, etc) of catalysts. The EDX studies showed the presence of different elemental composition in the selected catalyst. The results reveal that the O3/UV process showed 43.64% COD, 64.42% colour and 45.64% TOC removal. The COD and colour removal efficiency during the O3/NZ process was 71.75% and 88.79% respectively. The TOC removal during O3/NZ process was 56.43%. The O3/AC process showed the maximum COD and colour removal efficiency of 91.75% and 97.51% respectively. The TOC removal during O3/AC was 64.1% The O3/Al process showed 82% COD, 93.78% colour and 53.09% TOC removal. Among the studied AOPs, the catalytic ozonation by using AC showed the maximum COD, TOC and color removal efficiencies at the natural pH of the wastewater. The parameters (pH 6.8, ozone dose 0.3mg/ml, CODo 400 mg/l, catalyst dose 10 g/L, time 120 min) proved to be optimum for the studied processes.