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Home > Interval Total Colorings of Complete Multiparite Graphs and Hypercube

Interval Total Colorings of Complete Multiparite Graphs and Hypercube

Thesis Info

Author

Muhammad Usman Majeed

Supervisor

Bashir Sadiq

Program

Mphil

Institute

Riphah International University

Institute Type

Private

Campus Location

Faisalabad Campus

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

vi, 87 . : ill. ; 30 cm.

Subject

Mathematics

Language

English

Other

Submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Mathematics to the Faculty of Basic Sciences and Humanities; Includes bibliographical references; Thesis (M.Phil)--Riphah International University, 2019;; Call No: 510 USM

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676711261988

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ابروئوںکے خم میں گھبراتا ہے دل

ابروئوں کے خم میں گھبراتا ہے دل
ان لبوں کا مصرع بہلاتا ہے دل

گفتگو سن کر فصاحت داد دے
دیکھ کر چہرہ مچل جاتا ہے دل

تیرہ چہرہ خواب نگری کا امیں
جاگ جائوں پھر بھی سو جاتا ہے دل

روزِ اول سے جہانِ عشق میں
عقل کو ہر بات سمجھاتا ہے دل

آسمانوں سے کچھ آگے ناز سے
حضرتِ یزداں سے مل آتا ہے دل

تم سے ہے یہ سب جہانِ رنگ و بو
تم کو بھی یہ بات سمجھاتا ہے دل

یہ فراق آلود موسم ہے فضاؔ
ایسے موسم میں تو بھر آتا ہے دل

الاستدراك: أهميته وأثره في تفسير القرآن الكريم تبيان القرآن ومفاتيح الغيب نموذجا

Rectification is a terminology of Islamic Studies which means corrections of mistakes, completion of deficiency and clarification of ambiguity, it is a very special Quality of Islam due to its impacts and importance. Rectifications of Honourable Muslim Scholars on one another is a source for the innocency of this Ummah, here is the example of Rectification in the era of Sahahaba رضي الله عنهم and Tabieen and later, while the book of Eimam Al Hakim “Al Mustadrak Ala Sahehain” is an example of rectification at the time of Tabieen; in which he collects the narrations missed by Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim in their books Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim. The Honourable scholars follow this way in all the disciplines  of Islamic Studies especially in the field of Tafseer because they had rectifications on one another in their explanation of the Holy Quran. As for example Eimam Al Sayuti (911 AH) and Emam Aalusi (1270 AH) has rectifications in their explanations of Holy Quran on the Tafseer of Eimam Fakhr uddin Al Razi “Tafseer ul Kabeer”, while in our era Shaikh Ghulam Rasool Saeedi (1437 AH) follow the same way, and most of his ratifications in his Tafseer “Tibyan ul Quran” is related to Imam Razi. One thing which is unforgettable is that, these Scholars have maintained respect of personalities and opinions, furthermore they were mostly impartial in their research as well as tolerant while dealing with these issues even having different schools of thoughts etc. Their difference did not make them discourteous or impolite.

Epidemiology of Newcastle Disease Viruses in Poultry and Non-Poultry Avian Species in Azad Jammu Kashmir

The current research work was conducted to examine, the isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Avulavirus-1 (AAvV-1) that affected different avian species, in past this virus is known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or Avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) causing Newcastle disease (ND) in both poultry and non-poultry avian species in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) during 2017-18. AAvV-1s are distributed worldwide and the global risk of ND and there are some needs of safe and consistent approaches to elucidate its epidemiology. Hence, the aim of this study was to pathotyped and genetically characterized AAvV-1 isolated from diseased and clinically healthy poultry and multiple non-poultry avian species in AJK. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis based on complete fusion gene sequences showed that fifteen AAvV-1 isolates obtained from poultry, ducks and peacock belonged to sub-genotype VIIi. Though, one pigeon-origin AAvV-1 isolates were clustered in sub-genotype VI-g and three in recently designated new sub-genotype VI-m of class II. Interestingly, the AAvV-1 isolates of genotype VI and VII had epidemiological connections with viruses isolated recently from different locations in Pakistan. The pigeon-origin isolates had the following two motifs 112-RRKKRF-117 and 112-RRQRRF-117, while all other isolates possess the polybasic sequence of amino acid 112-RRQKR?F-117 at the cleavage site F, which is an important characteristic of virulent strains. Our findings, together with recent AAvV-1 studies, suggest possible virus interspecies transmission between poultry and non-poultry avian species and the potential for an AAvV-1 epidemic in the future. The viruses are prevalent in AJK, this work highlighted the need for continuous and large-scale surveillance studies to control and eradicate the disease.