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تم کو جو ہمیں ملنے کی فرصت نہیں ملتی

تم کو جو ہمیں ملنے کی فرصت نہیں ملتی
لگتا ہے کہ اب ہم سے طبیعت نہیں ملتی

بے چین جو رہتا ہوں تو صد شکر ہے یارو!
درویش کو دنیا میں تو راحت نہیں ملتی

اور ملنا کسی کا بھی ہے دشوار ہی تب تک
جب تک کہ ضرورت سے ضرورت نہیں ملتی

تب تک نہ غمِ ہجر کا کچھ ہو گا مداوا
جب تک کہ ہمیں آپ کی قربت نہیں ملتی

تائب جی تمنائوں کو پڑتا ہے مٹانا
یوں بار گہِ عشق میں عزت نہیں ملتی

مذاہب التفسیر الاسلامی کی روشنی میں مستشرق گولڈ زیہرکےاعتراضات کا علمی جائزہ A Critical analysis of Goldzehr's objections in the light Maẓahib al-Tafsīr al-Islāmī.

Goldziher 1850-1921 is a Jewish Orientalist. His interest in the study of Islam took him to the famous Syrian scholar Sheikh Tahir Al-Jazāirī and after spending a long time in his company he moved to Palestine and then to Egypt. Where he benefited from the scholars of Aẓhar University. Among the Orientalists who have formally and fundamentally debated the Qur'anic text and recitations is Gold Poison. He is known for his objections to Hadith and Qur'anic recitations. Dr. Abdul Haleem Al-Najjar, a lecturer at Cairo University, has translated the famous book Muslim Studies of Goldziher into Arabic concerning the different methods and methods of recitation, tafsir, and tafsir of the Holy Quran. This translation was first published by Maktab al-Khanji in Cairo, Egypt in 1955 and reached the hands of the masters of science and literature and became popular. This book is a unique and brand new work of its kind in presenting various topics of the Quran and important aspects of Islamic culture and history in an excellent manner and style. Goldziher proved his meticulous study of the religions of Tafsir al-Islami and his in-depth study of Islam. But there is a difference between a Muslim and a non-Muslim studying Islam, this difference is visible in this book. Goldziher did not describe all the methods of commentary in this book. In addition, the author, like other Orientalists, has erred in interpreting some religious sentiments. Some Muslim scholars call such objections to Goldziher scientific errors. And some see it as part of a deliberate Zionist Orientalist conspiracy. However, the aspects of Tafseer which Goldziher has written about are very important, and much more needs to be written about them. Goldziher's investigation into the Qur'anic text has opened up new avenues for other Orientalists.The said article will present an analytical study of the Qur'anic text, Goldziher's objections to various recitations, and the contents of the book.

Genetic Basis of Water Stress Tolerance in Gossypium Hirsutum L.

The potential for breeding Gossypium hirsutum L. for water stress tolerance was investigated in the present studies. For this purpose, a sample of 50 cotton cultivars was screened out in greenhouse at 20% field capacity. Water stress was applied for four weeks. The performance of 50 cultivars was compared using data on shoot and root lengths, relative water content, excised leaf water loss and relative cell injury in absolute terms, calculating drought susceptibility indices (DSI) and through biplot analysis. Cultivars showing low DSI were selected as water stress tolerant, and cultivars showing highest DSI were identified as susceptible to water stress. Biplot analysis of germplasm under study revealed genetic divergence for water stress tolerance. On the basis of these three measures, CIM-496, 149F, DPL-26, BOU-1724 and B-557 were found tolerant to moisture stress, whilst FH-1000, NF-801-2-37, MNH-129 and H-499 exhibited susceptibility to water stress. The remaining cultivars revealed variable responses to water stress when these three measures were studied. Many researchers had emphasized on root length and used it as reliable indicator of drought tolerance. Therefore data on root length in the present plant material under moistures deficit conditions was used to calculate broad sense heritability (40%), which seemed to be encouraging for plant breeders. Molecular characterization of selected cotton cultivars was done using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of molecular data did not reveal significant differences in genome, indicating relatedness among the brief sample of germplasm. Results of screening revealed that working variability among germplasm was present and controlled by significant genetic component, which may be exploited through hybridization. Therefore, F1 crosses were developed in the field keeping stress tolerant cultivars as lines and susceptible as testers using line × tester technique. Genetic material was field-planted and 50% moisture stress was applied to examine responses measuring plant height, seed cotton yield, number of bolls, boll weight, lint percentage and fibre traits. The analysis of F1 and parental data revealed the presence of both additive and non additive genes controlling variation under both the water regimes (normal and 50% stress). However, non additive genetic effects were more pronounced under water stress, suggesting the presence of low heritability for all the traits. Lines and interaction term contributed more to expression of seed cotton yield, number of bolls and boll weight, whilst lint percentage and fibre length were largely determined by the lines. Tester parents significantly contributed to fibre fineness. Non additive variation for fibre and yield related traits suggests possibility of using this material for hybrid development, and best varietal combinations were identified for exploitation in drought hit areas.
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