حافظ محمد ابراہیم
افسوس ہے جنوری کے تیسرے ہفتہ میں حافظ محمد ابراہیم صاحب ایک طویل علالت کے دہلی میں وفات پاگئے۔ نماز جنازہ شاہ جہانی جامع مسجد میں پڑھی گئی اوراس کے بعد تدفین نگینہ میں ہوئی۔انتقال کے وقت عمر ۷۷۔ ۷۸ برس کی ہوگی۔ مرحوم علی گڑھ کی پرانی نسل کے ایک فرد تھے۔یہیں فلسفہ اور اقتصادیات کے مضامین کے ساتھ بی۔اے اورپھرایل۔ایل۔بی کیا۔اپنی ذہانت،طباعی اور لیاقت کے باعث اساتذہ اورطلباء میں ہمیشہ نیک نام اورہر دل عزیز رہے۔ دیوبند کے مکتبۂ فکر کے زیر اثر قوم پرورانہ خیالات اور جذبات شروع سے رکھتے تھے۔ چنانچہ جن لوگوں نے مرحوم کا عہد طالب علمی دیکھاہے ان کابیان ہے کہ مرحوم اس زمانہ میں بھی سرسید کے سیاسی افکار کے مخالف تھے اور اس پر اپنے ساتھیوں سے محبت کرتے تھے۔علی گڑھ سے فراغت کے بعد اپنے وطن نگینہ میں پریکٹس شروع کی اورایڈوکیٹ کی حیثیت سے بہت جلد صوبہ بھر میں مشہور ہوگئے لیکن نیشنلسٹ فطرتاًتھے۔اس لیے تحریک موالات شروع ہوئی تواُس میں بڑھ چڑھ کرحصہ لیااورپھر جنگ آزادی کادورآیا توہمیشہ اُس کے ہراوّل دستہ میں رہے۔اس سلسلہ میں جیل گئے اوردوسری پریشانیاں بھی اٹھائیں لیکن پائے ثبات میں لغزش نہ ہوئی۔ پھر جب قومی وزارتوں کا عہد شروع ہوا تو پہلے اتر پردیش میں اور پھر مرکز میں وزیر رہے، آخر میں پنجاب کے گورنر تھے۔ بیماری کے باعث اس سے مستعفی ہوکرگھر آ بیٹھے تھے اوریہی بیماری آخرجان لیوا ثابت ہوئی۔ نہایت خوش خلق، مہمان نواز اور فیاض و سیرچشم تھے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت ورحمت کی نعمتوں سے سرفرازفرمائے۔آمین [فروری۱۹۶۸ء]
Strategic issues are the core of the work of business organizations and occupy the main pillar of the work of commercial banks, whose fields of work and their competitive environment have developed. Strategic flexibility has become an urgent and binding issue for the commercial banking sector to keep pace with environmental changes and developments and raise the performance of banks to keep pace with environmental developments. The research aims to delve into two very important variables by doing The commercial banking sector, which is flexibility The strategy and performance of the banks. Six commercial banks were chosen to be happy with the research (Baghdad, Iraqi investment, Gulf, investment development, Al-Mansour, Babylon). A member of bank managers, people's officials, and accountants in commercial banks. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by applying the statistical program (spss). The results demonstrated an impact on the overall level of the two variables. The study (strategic flexibility, bank performance) The findings revealed the existence of relationships between (banking service flexibility, competitive flexibility, investment flexibility, and human resource flexibility). And bank performance at the sub-dimension level (financial dimension, customer dimension, internal operations dimension, education and growth dimension). The study came to a set of conclusions and suggestions.
The study “Emerging Paradigm of Information and Communication Technologies Use in Teacher Training Institutions of Pakistan” was conducted through survey approach. Main objectives of the study were to; (1) Assess the teachers’ and students’ attitude towards the use of ICTs, (2) Evaluate the existing situation of ICTs utilization, (3) Investigate the teachers’ and students’ skills to use these technologies and (4) Examine the barriers in the utilization of ICTs. 1805 students out of 3609 and 442 out of 442 teachers were taken as a sample of the study through random and universal sampling techniques respectively. A questionnaire was developed on five point Likert scale to elicit the opinions of students and teachers. The salient findings of the study were; (1) Majority of the teachers and students are frequent user of e-mailing, word-processing and Internet browsing. (2) A considerable number of teachers was infrequent user of spreadsheets. (3) Majority of the teachers opined that that they have good skills of e-mailing, word-processing, presentations and Internet browsing while they have insufficient skills to use spreadsheets. (4) Majority of the respondents both teachers and students opined that lack of training, power failure, lack of hardware and lack of confidence were major barriers in up taking these technologies. On the basis of the findings it was concluded that (1) Both teachers and students have positive attitude towards ICTs. (2) Both teachers and students are frequent user of e-mailing, word-processing and Internet browsing. (3) Both teachers and students have sufficient skills to use e-mailing, word-processing and Internet viiibrowsing while teachers have insufficient skills to use spreadsheets. Similarly students have insufficient skill to use spreadsheets and presentation technologies. (4) Major barrier to the uptake of ICTs were lack of training, power failure, lack of hardware and lack of confidence. Therefore, on the basis of these conclusions the following recommendations were made (1) Maximum deployment of these technologies may be ensured to address the barrier of lack of hardware. (2) A judicious policy may be developed and implemented for continuous training of technological usage so that teachers may become familiar with advancement in these technologies. (3) Use of spreadsheets and presentations may be enhanced (4) Especial emphasis may be given to address the problems of lack of training, power failure, lack of hardware and lack of confidence.