اسلام اور مغرب: ڈاکٹر محمود احمد غازی کے افکار کا خصوصی مطالعہ

The comparative study of civilizations, their conflicts, clashes and their harmony are the significant issues of this era. It's a reality that in the present clash of civilizations, Islam is being pushed to a tight corner. The Islamic world today is facing severe challenges and odd circumstances in maintaining their vital values and re-establishing their identity and gaining their due place in the modern world because some of the western thinkers believe that after demolishing the Soviet Union, their next encounter would be with the ideology of Islam. In this situation, the comparison of civilizations and their comprehension has acquired a significant place and it is necessary to highlight the essential elements of various civilizations in such a way that they can sustain their individuality and the misunderstandings among them may be removed to create a peaceful atmosphere which is based on love, mutual tolerance, co-existence and  the supremacy of basic human rights so that the world may return to the merger of various civilizations and harmony among different religions. Allama Iqbal is the thinker who has shown extraordinary depth in his approach towards the study of Islam and the western world, highlighting their differences and the traditions, points and levels of their merger and harmony with a balanced and impartial approach. It's necessary to comprehend Iqbal's ideas keeping in view the history of Islam and the western world, the current demands of the present age and considering organized, solid, argumentative analysis in an objective way  revealing the soul of Islam and the spirit of the west in context of Iqbal's philosophy so that the modern world can move towards a peaceful and creative situation. Dr. Mehmood Ahmad Ghazi was the realization of Iqbal's dream. He is simultaneously an educationist, a great researcher and an illustrator and interpreter of the Holy Quran and narrator of Hadiths. His personality was equally well versed in Islamic art and learning and all their offshoot disciplines. It's the trait of his personality that in spite of travelling far and wide and having done a vast study, he is not impressed at all except by the ideology of Islam. He has very successfully passed on the ancient heritage to its modern heirs with honesty, skill and sagacity. Here an effort has been made to present a review of his views where he has propounded a critical, analytical and scholarly analysis of the western world.

Stakeholders Perceptions and Action for Addressing Students Dropout in a Government Secondary School in Karachi

This exploratory case study aimed at investigating the stakeholders' perceptions of student dropout during middle and secondary classes. The stakeholders included parents, head teacher, teachers, and dropped out students, and their views were collected for this study. The study was also aimed at exploring the actions of the school management in improving the situation. The study conducted in a government boy's secondary school of a less privileged context. The study aimed to understand the contextual circumstances that led to students' dropout. The sample collected was of students who had dropped out of school in the last three years. In addition, the school identified some students at-risk, who were interviewed as probable dropouts. They were also considered as part of the sample, albeit of a different category. The stakeholders were interviewed in order to locate what factors actually contributed to the dropping out of students. The findings of the study confirm previous studies. Some of the factors contributing to student dropout are socio-economic, academic performance of the students, and repeating the class as a result of failures in examinations. Another factor was peer pressure and low value of education both from parents as well as students. This study also brought out some other interesting factors like school policies that allow students choices to stay away from classes and only appear in examinations, lack of any remedial support to students facing difficulties to cope with the academic demands, and an uninviting school environment. Another factor that was considered both by parents and students was the local environment in which the school was located that was neither very conducive nor safe for students to access school.