PEMBINAAN SEX EDUCATION DALAM MENGHADAPI PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL KAUM NABI LUTH ZAMAN NOW

Indonesia mengalami degradasi karakter yang ditandai dengan maraknya penyimpangan moral, baik sosial maupun agama. Penyimpangan tersebut jauh dari nilai-nilai keislaman namun ramai digandrungi generasi muda seperti budaya pacaran, seks bebas hingga homoseksual. Kasus aborsi di Indonesia terjadi sekitar 2, 5 juta jiwa setiap tahunnya yang 30% diantaranya adalah remaja. Selain itu hasil survei lembaga independen menyebutkan 3% atau sederhananya 3 dari 100 penduduk Indonesia adalah pelaku homoseksual. Fenomena tersebut tidak lain disebabkan karena adanya dorongan perkembangan media dalam memfasilitasi free sex dengan tawaran akses yang semakin lengkap dan jauh meninggalkan nilai agama dan moral. Oleh sebab itu, pendidikan seks diharapkan menjadi jalan tengah yang perlu digalakkan dengan keyakinan bahwa pendidikan ini mampu membentengi dan mengarahkan mereka kepada pemahaman seks yang baik dalam pandangan agama maupun negara. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana materi dalam melakukan pembinaan pendidikan seks menurut pandangan Islam. Desain penelitian menggunakan analisis konten dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sex education masih tabu dan kental akan pro dan kontra, namun substansi perdebatan tersebut hanya berputar pada materi dalam pendidikan seks. Oleh kebab itu, pembinaan sex education hendaknya melibatkan orang tua dan pendidik yang disertai dengan pengawasan berdasarkan Al-Quran dan As-Sunnah, yakni memberikan pemahaman terkait fitrah manusia, sopan dan memahami waktu yang tidak diperkenankan berkunjung, menahan diri dan menjaga pandangan, dan menjauhi zina.

Effect of Samarium Additions on Shape Memory and Thermomechanical Behavior of Iron Based Shape Memory Alloys

In the present work, a comparative study of the shape memory and thermomechanical behavior of four alloys containing different amount of samarium have been carried out at a strain rate of 0.08x10 -6 s -1 . After hot rolling, annealing and solution treatment, the alloy samples were tensile deformed at room temperature from 1% to 5% and were then recovered at 600̊C for 20 minutes repeatedly for six times to complete six training cycles. It has been found that the addition of samarium strengthens the austenitic matrix, increases the c/a ratio and reduces the grain size. It has been noticed that the addition of samarium (0.64 wt. %) improves the shape memory effect when the alloys were strained from 1% to 5%. This improvement in shape memory effect presumably can be regarded as the increase in strength, increase in c/a ratio and absence of ά (martensite). It has been further noticed that when samarium contents are gradually reduced from 0.64 % to 0.21% the shape memory effect decreases. The decrease in shape memory effect by the decrease in samarium contents can be attributed to decrease in strength, decrease in c/a ratio and formation of ά (martensite). It has been further noticed that the shape memory effect decreases with the increase in amount of strain. It is found that thermomechanical treatment (training) results in improvement of shape memory effect and has a significant influence on mechanical parameters like proof stress (σ 0.002 ), critical stress (σ 0.0008 ) and strain hardening exponent. The improvement in shape memory effect by thermomechanical treatment can be regarded as the effect of reduction in the values of proof stress and critical stress during training which facilitates the formation of ε (martensite). It has also been noticed that excessive training may result in the formation of ά (martensite) due to continuous softening of the alloy during training, thus degrading the shape memory effect. Finally, it has also been noticed that the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical stress and strain hardening exponent. Although the addition of samarium increases the values of proof stress, critical stress and strain hardening exponent yet it has not an adverse effect on shape memory effect.