ایک انسان جب اس کائنات پر غور وفکر کرتا ہے تو اسے کوئی بھی چیز بے مقصد نظر نہیں آتی۔ ہر چیز کی تخلیق کا ایک مقصد ہوتاہے پھر آخر انسان کی تخلیق کا مقصد کیا ہے ؟ انسان کیوں پیدا کیا گیا ؟ کیا اس لیے کہ دنیا میں خوب عیاشی کی زندگی گزارے، دوسروں پر ظلم کرے اور پھر مٹی میں مل کر مٹی ہوجائے ؟ یا اس لیے کہ لوگوں کے ظلم و ستم کا نشانہ بنتا رہے اور اپنے حق کے لیے کچھ بھی نہ کرسکے ؟
جب ہم اس کرۂ ارض پر موجود انسانوں کے حالات کا بنظر غائر جائزہ لیتے ہیں تو دونوں طبقات موجود پاتے ہیں۔ ایک طرف وہ لوگ ہیں جن کے جانور بھی ائرکنڈیشنڈ کمروں میں زندگی سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں اور دوسری طرف وہ انسان بھی اسی زمین پر بستے ہیں جن کی بودوباش چوپائیوں جیسی ہے۔
پچپن سے ہی جب میں اس معاشرتی تفاوت پر نظر دوڑاتا تو میرا دل خون کے آنسو روتا اور میرا ضمیر مجھے کچوکے دے کر پوچھتا کہ کیا غریب پیدا ہی اس لیے ہوا ہے کہ وہ وہیں سے پانی پیئے جہاں سے چولستان کی گائے پانی پیتی ہے اور کیا امیر پیدا ہی اس لیے ہوا ہے کہ وہ اپنا پینے کا پانی بھی فرانس سے منگوائے اور دنیا کی رنگینیوں سے خوب لطف اندوز ہو ؟ معاشرے میں موجود غیر عادلانہ نظام نے مجھے پاکستان کی سیاسی اور غیر سیاسی، دینی و غیر دینی جماعتوں کا جائزہ لینے پر مجبور کیا اور میں نے بہت قریب سے مختلف قائدین کو دیکھا اور جانچا۔
میں ایک مضطرب انسان ہوں۔ پاکستان کی سیاسی دینی تحریکوں پر پہلے ہی بہت کام ہوچکا ہے اور پھر میں نظریاتی طور پر سیاسی دینی...
Water is a sign of life, all living beings need it to remain alive. It is natural commodity and three fourth of this planet is water. Still not all is suitable for human consumption and sufficient to meet the ever increasing demands. Availability and supply of water is getting scarce with increasing population of states especially the developing societies. If we look at the history of life on this planet, we find that the humanity has suffered disasters on acquisition and possession of natural resources which are vital for survival of one group, may be at the cost of others. Water falls in that category where if not properly managed its scarcity and stress would lead to unending conflicts and wars till demands equals the supply with the destruction of extra consumptions. Solution to the disastrous situation is in efficient management of water. The efficient and effective management combines awareness and justified storage and distribution of water by the states within their domains. Modern technology and management provides solutions for this efficient management of water by the states. ______
Sheep production in Pakistan has an imperative socio-economic impact on the small holder rural farmers. Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasitic infections in sheep cause a substantial loss in terms of productivity and constitute serious economic losses in the world. In parasitized sheep, reductions in immunity to fight against endo-parasites might be attributable to mineral deficiencies. Trace elements including Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in (a) sera of sheep, (b) preferred flora and (c) respective soil samples of district Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan during Autumn 2014 and Spring, 2015. Associative analysis was made between the serum concentrations of the study elements and quantitative worm burden. To this end, a total of 384 grazing sheep were randomly selected for collection of blood and faecal samples as per the standard protocols. An appropriate number of plants/ forages and soil samples were also collected. The sera, plant and soil samples were subjected to pre-treatment (digestion) required for the determination of trace element profile through atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 32.55% and 32.81% in district Sialkot during Autumn and Spring, respectively. Variable age and breed showed non-significant results while, sex was found significant during both seasons. Concentration of selected trace elements was significantly (P > 0.05) varied in analyzed forages; however, mean concentration of only Cu in forages collected from different tehsils varied significantly (P < 0.05) during Spring. A non-significant (P > 0.05) variation among soil trace elements was found in different tehsils of Sialkot district during both seasons. Concentration of all selected trace elements except Co in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results among tehsils of district Sialkot during Spring while, only Zn in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results during Autumn. Mean concentrations of Zn, Co and Cu during Autumn and Zn and Cu during Spring in serum was found inversely proportional to the mean egg per gram of sheep in all the three tehsils of Sialkot district. Forages containing high concentrations of Zn and Cu can be used effectively against GI parasites. Grazing of animals in rangelands containing trace elements rich forages increase the resilience against parasitic infections particularly in resource poor countries like Pakistan.