سید قطب
اخوان المسلمین کے مشہور رہنما سید قطب اور ان کے تین ساتھیوں کو ناصر کے خلاف سازش کے جرم میں پھانسی دے دی گئی اور دوسرے لیڈروں کو مختلف المیعاد قید کی سزائیں دی گئیں ہیں جن میں بعض عورتیں بھی ہیں، یہ کوئی خلاف توقع خبر نہیں، ناصر مختلف حیلوں سے اخوان کو ختم کردینے پر تل گئے ہیں، حجاز میں ان پر ناصر کے وحشیانہ مظالم کے جو واقعات معلوم ہوئے تھے، ان کو سن کر الجزائر کے مسلمانوں پر فرانس کے مظالم کی یاد تازہ ہوگئی تھی، یہ وہ دینی شخصیتیں تھیں، جن کے بارے میں کسی سازش کا تصور بھی نہیں کیا جاسکتا لیکن اعلا کلمۃ اﷲ کی تاریخ نیا واقعہ نہیں ہے، بہت سے اصحاب دعوت و عزیمت کو اس راہ سے گزرنا پڑا ہے، گویہ واقعہ ساری دنیائے اسلام کے لیے المناک ہے، لیکن سید قطب اور ان کے رفقا، شہید فی سبیل اﷲ کے درجہ عالی پر سرفراز ہوئے اور دعوت و عزیمت کی تاریخ میں ان کا نام ہمیشہ کے لیے روشن ہوگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان شہدائے حق پر اپنی رحمت کے پھول برسائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۶۶ء)
Background: Controversy occurs in the relationship between serum ferritin levels, insulin resistance and risk of developing anemia in adolescents with family history of diabetes. Aims & Objectives: This study was designed to find out the association between serum ferritin levels with risk of developing anemia in non-diabetic adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was conducted in a local medical institute of Lahore. Study included 50 non-diabetic, non-obese male / female adolescent with family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy male/female non-obese adolescents without family history of T2DM considered as controls. Level of serum ferritin and serum insulin was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Blood glucose was estimated by auto-analyzer. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index and beta cell function was assessed by HOMA- beta index. Results: Levels of fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance were found to be increased with decreased level of serum ferritin and decrease beta cell function in both male as well as female cases as compared to controls. Negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and insulin resistance while a positive correlation was found between serum ferritin and beta cell function. Conclusions: Low level of serum ferritin is associated with reduced beta cell function and increased insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia that can affect both immune system as well as increase susceptibility to infections.
Population dynamics of P. xylostella was studied on cauliflowers in Haripur, Peshawar and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, having different altitudes and climatic conditions, during the two seasons from June to November in 2012 and 2013. The highest population of larvae and pupae per cauliflower plant was recorded in the month of September in all areas whereas the lowest was measured during July in both years. The population dynamics was correlated with the weather parameters and it was found that there was statistically non-significant (P>0.05) associations with temperatures (maximum and minimum) whereas the interaction with the relative humidity (RH) was non-significant in Haripur (2012 & 2013) and Swat (2013) and significant in Peshawar (2012 & 2013) and Swat (2012). Rainfall (RF) had a negative and highly significant (P<0.01) association with the population of P. xylostella. Multiple Regressions displayed 87.56 to 98.06% variability in population dynamics of P. xylostella in the studied areas due to weather parameters. To determine genetic variability among the populations of P. xylostella, 3rd and 4th instar larvae were collected from Haripur, Peshawar and Swat having distinct geographic conditions and altitudes and were investigated by using RAPD (DNA) primers technique. Seventeen primers were used that produced 64 bands at different loci within a range of between 250 to 1500 bp. The bands produced were all monomorphic and no polymorphisms were detected in the three populations. For the management of P. xylostella Lufenuron (5% EC-200ml/Acre), Steward (15.84% EC-175ml/Acre), Emamectine Benzoate (1.9% EC-200ml/Acre) and Arrivo (10% EC-250ml/Acre) pesticides were used in cauliflower. Lufenuron was found significantly more effective in terms of pest suppression, highest biological efficacy (B.E) and yield as well found safe for the parasitoids as compared to all other insecticides whereas Arrivo insecticide was found at par with the control. Similarly garlic, tomato, chilli and coriander were intercropped with cauliflower for two seasons to manage the infestation of P. xylostella. Garlic reduced the population significantly (P<0.01) as compared to other intercrops and likewise, the highest average yield, maximum percent gain over the control and avoidable losses per plot was obtained in cauliflower + garlic plots whereas the lowest yield (30.16 Kg/40 plants), minimum percent gain (7.56%) and percent avoidable losses (7.03%) was attained from the cauliflower plots intercropped with the coriander. Synchronized study was conducted of the best insecticide (Lufenuron) and intercrop (garlic) obtained from the previous experiments against P. xylostella in cauliflower. Lufenuron + garlic interaction showed significant results with highest biological efficacy (85.08 %), highest gain (90.68%) over control and percent avoidable losses (47.56%) and to suppress the infestation of P. xylostella as compared to their independent encounters. The combination of Lufenuron + garlic is recommended for farmer’s practices in cauliflower for the management of P. xylostella.