Perilaku Petani dalam Menghadapi Fluktuasi Harga Sawit Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah

The frequently fluctuating price of palm oil causes palm oil farmers in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village, to take action to overcome their family's economic problems as a result of prices fluctuating drastically. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations and to determine the Islamic economics review of the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. This research is field research located in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. The informants in this research were 10 oil palm farmers with the criteria being farmers who had a plantation area of more than 2 hectares and had worked for a minimum of 5 years. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative. It was found that oil palm farmers carry out various kinds of behavior to increase family income, such as working side jobs, becoming farm laborers, construction workers, traders, and others. Some of the oil palm farmers' wives also help in increasing the family's income by opening small businesses such as opening a breakfast business, a daily shop business, and a laundry business. The behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations applies the principle of honesty, always trying to earn a living, not being discouraged, never giving up, being responsible for family needs, and not being lazy in working.  

The Relationship Between Teacher Motivation and Students Acdemic Achievement at Secondary School Level

Motivation is one of the key elements considered important for the enhancement of quality of an organization.It has been considered vital for the excellence in performance of individuals as well as improved standards of output.In the field of education teacher motivation has its prime importance as the teacher is a major stake holder of this system.Motivated teacher can do more for achievement of students to achieve the set objectives in a very positive, drastic and effective way. The major aim of the study was to find out relationship between teacher motivation and students’ academic achievement at secondary school. This was a co-relational research and data was collected through survey technique.Population of study consisted of 3168 male and female secondary school teachers working in rural and urban are secondary schools located in five districts of Lahore division. Sample of the study comprised of 950 secondary school teachers which was 30% of the population. Questionnaire “Motivational Orientation to Teaching Survey” (MOT-S III) developed on five point Likert scale was used to find out motivation level of the teachers and students’ academic achievement was measured from the results of students of 9th and 10th grade in annual examination of the years 2010 and 2011 conducted by Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE).The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were ensured through experts’ opinion and pilot study respectively. The reliability of questionnaire after translation and pilot testing was 0.73.Frequencies and percentages of respondents were calculated. Person ‘r’ was used to find out the relationship. It was found that significantly positive relationship existed between teacher motivation and students’ achievement at secondary school level.Statistically significant relationship was also found between the factors of teacher motivation and students’ academic achievement.The findings of the research study elaborated that increase in motivation level of teacher enhances the students’ academic achievement as well.