THE COMPARISON BETWEEN STUDENTS' PHYSICS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN FACE TO FACE (OFFLINE) AND ONLINE LEARNING MODEL

This study aims to compare the learning outcomes of physics taught using face-to-face learning models with online learning models at Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu City in the academic year of 2021/2022. In this study, the X1 variable consists of the face-to-face model, the X2 variable is the online learning model, and the Y variable consists of the results of learning Physics. This study used quantitative research with comparative analysis techniques. The subject of the research was students of X IPA 1 at Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu, which is totaling 25 students. Data collection was carried out using student learning outcomes tests, observation, and documentation. The method used for the analysis of hypothesis testing is the paired sample t-test. Descriptive, normality, and homogeneity tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the learning outcomes of Physics subjects between face-to-face learning and the online learning model for class X IPA1 Islamic Senior High School 2 Palu in the academic year of 2021/2022. The results of the descriptive analysis calculation show that there is a difference between the Physics Learning Outcomes Taught Using the Face-to-Face Learning Model and the Online Learning Model in class X IPA1 in the academic year 2021/2022. This shows that the face-to-face learning model is more effective than the online learning model in physics subjects.

Development of an Optimum Framework for Large Dams Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Arid Regions Through Sustainable Development

A set of indicators for sustainable development were identified to be employed in developing countries. The selected indicators provided a good understanding of social and engineering outputs of water resources projects. The study meticulously looks into the pre dam bio-physical and socio-economic conditions in one of the arid region of Iran under the area commanded by Minab dam. This dam was constructed in Hormozgan province of Iran in 1983 and its irrigation system was completed in 1986 which was followed by progressive expansion of irrigated agriculture which almost doubled in year 2006. Results of the study showed that there are significant positive impacts of irrigation network of the dam but they were not same as the targeted objectives envisaged in the feasibility report of the project for example literacy rate increased from 41 percent (pre-project) to 74 percent in 2006. Similarly significant improvements were observed in health care, sanitation, education, and other disciplines. On the other hand, only 50-60 percent of the planned objectives were met for some indicators whereas no significant achievements had been made in the others. It means that after construction of the dam and irrigation system, development didn’t match with the planned goals of the project. Most of the deficiency in the performance of primary objectives have root in the managements, even after, many years of project completion. For optimization of project performance an institutional framework has been proposed suggested by introducing a new organization named as Sustainable Project Organization (SPO). This organization may overcome the deficiency through capacity building and training of social and engineering organizations in the project area in the direction of comprehensive poverty alleviation. This study argues the world-wide controversy against construction of dam in arid zones which is ill-founded and based on a few short term, mitigable negative impacts, ignoring many long term positive impacts leading to alleviating of chronic poverty in arid regions.